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Visit www.Fortunebet99.cc
Trusted Secure Online Gambling Agent

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Of course he's magical
He never thinks of himself like that.

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He is right really not passionate

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about starting a business and making money.

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There's a feeling of losing tonight
at Highland Park, hometown of Aaron Swartz,

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As loved say goodbye
one of the brightest lights in the world. </ P>

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Freedom, open access, and computers
activists mourn for their loss. </ P>

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"A amazing intellect ", if you talk to people who know him.

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He was killed by the government, and
MIT betrayed all of its basic principles.

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They wanted to make an example from him, okay?

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The government has insatiable
desire to control

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He has the potential to face 35 years
in jail and a fine of one million dollars.

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Generates questions about the spirit of the prosecutor's office,
and I will say even wrong actions.

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Did you see a particular problem?
and reached a conclusion?

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Growing up, I slowly experienced this process
realized that everything around me was

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People have told me that this is just a natural way.
These things, what they are like,

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they are not natural at all,
There are things that can be changed

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and there are more important things
wrong and must change,

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and once I realize that,
really won't come back. </ p >

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Congratulations on reading time.

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The name of the book is "Paddington at the Fair".

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Well, he was born in Highland Park
and grew up here.

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Aaron comes from a family of three
brothers, all very bright

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"Oh, the box is upside down..."

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So we all, you know,
not children behave best.

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You know, three boys run around
all the time, causing problems

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"Hey, no, no! "

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- Aaron!
- What?

29
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But I realized that Aaron
learned how to learn at a very young age.

30
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"One two three four five six,
seven, eight, nine, ten!" </ P>

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- Knock, tap!
- Who is there? </ P>

32
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- Aaron .
- Whose aaron?

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- Aaron Funnyman

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He knows what he wants,
and he always wants to do it.

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He always finishes what he wants. </ P>

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Keingintahuannya tak ada habisnya.

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"Here's a small picture of what a planet is.
And every planet has a symbol."

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"The symbol of Mercury, the symbol of Venus, the symbol of the Earth,
Mars symbols, symbols of Jupiter. "

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One day he told Susan," Is this free?
family entertainment in downtown Highland Park? "

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" Free family entertainment
downtown Highland Park. "</ P>

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He was three years old at that time. </ P>

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He said," What are you talking about? "</ P>

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He said," Look, this written here
in the fridge, "

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" Free family entertainment
downtown Highland Park. "

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He was stunned and dumbfounded
who could he read.

46
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This is called "My Family Seder".

47
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Night Seder is different
from all other nights

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I remember once, we were in < br /> University of Chicago Library.

49
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I pulled out a book from the shelf
It was from 1900,

50
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and showed it to him and said, "You know,
this is truly an extraordinary place."

51
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We are all curious kids, but Aaron really
likes to learn and loves teaching.

52
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"And we will learn ABC backwards."

53
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"Z, Y, X, W, V, U, T..."

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I remember, he came home
from his first Algebra class.

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He was like , "Noah, let me teach you algebra!" </ P>

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And I'm like, "What is algebra?" </ P>

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And he's always like that. </ P>

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"Now we press the click button,
there!
Now there is! "

59
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" Now the color is pink! "

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When you are around two or three years old, 
/> and Bob introduces it to the computer,

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Then he immediately takes off like crazy.

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(baby language)

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We all have computers, but Aaron really
For them, really brought to the Internet.

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- Working on the computer?
- no...

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"Why... Mommy,
why doesn't anyone succeed?

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He started programming from
a very young age

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I remember the first program
that I wrote with him was on BASIC,

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and it's a Star Wars trivia game.

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He sits with me in the basement,
where is the computer,

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for hours, programming this game.

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The problem I faced with him was
that there was nothing I wanted to do,

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and for him, there
there was always something to do,

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always something that is
programming can solve

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The way Aaron always sees it, is that
programming is magic

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You can achieve these things
normal humans can't.

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Aaron makes an ATM like Macintosh
and like a cardboard box.

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One year for Halloween,
I don't know what I want,

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and he thinks it will be very, very cool
if I dress like his new favorite computer,

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the one at that time was the original iMac.

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I mean, he hates dressing up for Halloween
But he likes convince others

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to dress like the thing he wants to see.

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"Mr. Aaron, stop!
Guys, come on, look at the camera!"

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"Spiderman sees the camera!" </ P>

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Dia membuat website ini bernama The Info,
dimana orang bisa mengisi informasi.

85
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I'm sure someone out there knows
all about gold, gold leaf...

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Why don't they write about that on this site?
And then someone else can come at the next point,

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and read that information, and edit
Information if they think it's bad.

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It's not too different from Wikipedia, isn't it?

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And this is before Wikipedia starts,
and this was developed by a 12-year-old child,

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in his room, by himself, runs this
small server using ancient technology. </ P >

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And one teacher responds,

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"This is a bad idea, you can't just go
so that whoever the encyclopedia writer is!"

93
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"All the reason we have scientists
is to write these books for us. "

94
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" How can you have a terrible idea? "

95
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Me and my other brothers will be like,
"Oh, you know, yeah Wikipedia is cool, but..."

96
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"We have a home in our house, five years ago. "

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Visit www.Fortunebet99.cc
The Trusted Secure Online Gambling Agent

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was organized by Cambridge-based
ArsDigita web design company.

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We all go to Cambridge when
he wins the ArsDigita prize

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and we don't know what Aaron is doing.

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Obviously the prize is
very important

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Aaron was immediately involved with
the online programming community,

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so in the process of forming
a new tool for the Web.

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He came to me and like, "Ben, here it is.
The amazing thing I'm working on."

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"You need to hear it!"

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"Yeah, ada apa?"

107
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"This is what is called RSS."

108
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And he explained to me what the RSS was.
I like, "Why is that useful, Aaron?"

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"Is it there are sites that use it?
Why do I want to use it? "

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There is this mailing list for people who are there
Working on RSS, and XML is more common,

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and there is someone on it named
Aaron Swartz who is aggressive but very smart,

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and who has lots of good ideas, and

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he never comes to
face-to-face meeting, and they say,

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"You know, when will you go out
to one of these face-to-face meetings?"

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And he said, "You know , I don't think
my mom will let me
I'm only fourteen. "

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Then their first reaction was: "Okay, this guy,
this colleague we've worked all year

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Thirteen years old when we were
Working with him, and he only fourteen years old now. "

118
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And their second reaction was:

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" Dear God, we really want to meet him.
That's amazing! "

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He is part of the committee that designed the RSS.

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What he did was helped build
plumbing for modern hypertext.

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The part he was working on, RSS,
is a tool that you can use to get a summary

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of things that happen on other web pages. </ P>

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Most commonly, you will use this for a blog .

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You may have 10 or 20 blog people you want to read.

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You use their RSS feed, this summary
what happens on that other page

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to create an integrated list of all the things that are happening.

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Aaron is right- really young, but he understands
the technology and he sees that it's not perfect

129
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and looks for ways to help make it better.

130
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So his mother starts holding him on an airplane 
in Chicago
We will pick him up in San Francicso.

131
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We will introduce him to interesting people
to argue, and we admire his terrible eating habits.

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He only eats white food, just like steamed
rice and not fried rice because the color isn't white enough

133
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and white bread, and so on...

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and you are rather amazed at the quality of the debate that emerges from here,

135
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What looks like the mouth of a little boy,

136
00:10:01,744 --> 00:10:05,063
and you will think, this is a child who really
will go somewhere if he doesn't die of scurvy.

137
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Aaron, you wake up!

138
00:10:06,693 --> 00:10:10,002
I think the difference is that now you
can't make companies like dotcoms. </ P>

139
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You can't have a company that has just sold
dog food over the Internet, or sold dog food over the phone mobile.

140
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But there are still many innovations going on.

141
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I think that maybe if you don't see
Innovation, maybe your head is in the sand.

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He took this, like the alpha nerd personality, where he was

143
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like, "I'm smarter than you, and
because I'm smarter than you, I'm better than you,

144
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and I can tell you what to do. "

145
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This is an extension of, like, he became like twerp.

146
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So you gathered all these computers together
and now they solve a big problem

147
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like looking aliens and try to cure cancer.

148
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I first met him on IRC, on Internet Relay Chat.

149
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He didn't just write code, he also had people
happy to solve problems it has.

150
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He is a connector.

151
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The free culture movement has a lot of energy.

152
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I think Aaron is trying to make
world work < br /> He tried to fix it.

153
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He has a very strong personality that must have ruffled feathers at times.

154
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Unexpectedly he always feels comfortable in this world

155
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and the world isn't always comfortable with it.

156
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Aaron goes to high school and is really sick of school.

157
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He doesn't like it.
He doesn't like one of his classes
being taught
He doesn't like teachers.

158
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Aaron really knows how to get information .

159
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He is like, "I don't need to discuss this
The teacher learns how to do geometry.

160
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I can only read geometry books,

161
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and I no need to go to this teacher
study the version of their American history,

162
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I have three historical compilations here, I can read them,

163
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and I'm not interested in that. < br /> I am interested in the Web. "

164
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I am very frustrated with school.
I think the teachers don't know what they are talking about,

165
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and they dominate and control, and homework is a kind of trick,

166
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and it's all like all about how to pen students all together and force them to do busy.

167
00:12:01,103 --> 00:12:05,305
And, you know, I started reading books about educational history

168
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and how this education system was developed,

169
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and, you know, the alternative to that and the way people really can learn many things

170
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as opposed to just spitting out the fact that the teacher told them,

171
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and that kind of thing made me follow the path of asking these things, as soon as I asked the school I was in,

172
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I questioned the community that built the school, I asked the business that the schools were training people for,

173
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I question the government that forms this whole structure.

174
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One of the things he likes most is copyright, especially in those early days.

175
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Copyright is always a burden on the publishing industry and readers,

176
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But that is not an excessive burden.
It is a reasonable institution to have

177
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to ensure that people paid.

178
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What Aaron's generation experienced was a collision between this antique copyright system

179
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and the amazing new things we wanted to build - the Internet and the Web.

180
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These things collided, and what we got was chaos. </ P>

181
00:13:02,454 --> 00:13:06,061
He later met with Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Lessig,

182
00:13:06,061 --> 00:13:09,328
who later challenged copyright law in the Supreme Court. </ P> >

183
00:13:09,328 --> 00:13:13,269
A young man Aaron Swartz flew to Washington to hear the Supreme Court hearing.

184
00:13:13,279 --> 00:13:17,759
I am Aaron Swartz and I am here to listen to the Eldred - to see Eldred's document.

185
00:13:17,894 --> 00:13:23,144
Why did you fly here from Chicago, and get this far to see Eldred's argument?

186
00:13:23,493 --> 00:13:25,743
That's a more difficult question...

187
00:13:29,231 --> 00:13:33,974
I don't know
Very interesting look at the Supreme Court,

188
00:13:33,974 --> 00:13:36,704
especially in prestigious cases like this.

189
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Lessig also moves forward with a new way to define copyright on the Internet.

190
00:13:47,039 --> 00:13:49,356
It's called Creative Commons. </ P>

191
00:13:49,356 --> 00:13:53,560
So a simple Creative Commons idea is to give people - creators -

192
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a simple way to mark their creativity with the freedom they want to bring. </ P>

193
00:13:58,694 --> 00:14:04,583
So if rights copyright is all about "All Rights Reserved", then this is a kind of "Some Protected Rights" model.

194
00:14:04,583 --> 00:14:08,789
I want a simple way to say to you, "This is what you can do with my work,

195
00:14:08,979 --> 00:14:13,715
even if there are other things you need to get my permission before you can do it. "

196
00:14:13,715 --> 00:14:16,501
And Aaron's role is the computer part.

197
00:14:16,501 --> 00:14:20,802
Like, how do you architect the license so that they will be simple and easy to understand

198
00:14:20,802 --> 00:14:24,127
and disclosed in a way so that the machine can process it ?

199
00:14:24,207 --> 00:14:29,994
And people like, "Why do you have a fifteen-year-old child who writes specifications for Creative Commons?

200
00:14:29,994 --> 00:14:32,159
Don't you think it's a big mistake? "

201
00:14:32,159 --> 00:14:35,679
Dan Larry is like," The biggest mistake we will do is not listen to this child. "

202
00:14:36,031 --> 00:14:39,668
He is not even tall enough to even pass the podium,

203
00:14:39,711 --> 00:14:43,100
and this moving podium is embarrassing,

204
00:14:43,102 --> 00:14:45,968
Where did he first install the screen, no one can see his face.

205
00:14:46,874 --> 00:14:51,257
When you come to our site here, and you go to "Choose License".

206
00:14:51,257 --> 00:14:56,957
This gives you a list of these options, this explains what they mean, and you have three simple questions:

207
00:14:57,740 --> 00:15:00,055
"Do you want to request attribution?"

208
00:15:00,225 --> 00:15:03,287
"Do you want to allow commercial use of your work?"

209
00:15:03,507 --> 00:15:06,413
"Do you want to allow modifications to your work?" </ p >

211
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and Aaron stood there in front of a full audience, and just started talking

212
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about the platform he made for Creative Commons,

213
00:15:20,421 --> 00:15:23,372
and they all listened to it, only...

214
00:15:23,372 --> 00:15:28,742
I sit in the back, thinking: he's just a child, why are they listening?

215
00:15:28,892 --> 00:15:29,978
But they did it...

216
00:15:30,168 --> 00:15:32,784
Well, I don't think I'm completely understand it.

217
00:15:32,784 --> 00:15:37,171
Although critics say there isn't much that ensures artists get paid for their work,

218
00:15:37,216 --> 00:15:40,572
Creative Commons success is huge.

219
00:15:40,572 --> 00:15:46,776
Currently on the Flickr website itself, more than 200 million people use some Creative Commons licenses.

221
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Aaron often writes honestly on his personal blog:

222
00:16:01,101 --> 00:16:05,812
I think of many things, and I want others to do the same thing.

223
00:16:06,722 --> 00:16:11,049
I work for ideas and learn from others.
I don't like to exclude people.

224
00:16:11,429 --> 00:16:15,556
I am a perfectionist, but I will not allow that to block publication.

225
00:16:15,636 --> 00:16:19,661
Except for education and entertainment, I will not waste my time

226
00:16:19,661 --> 00:16:21,654
on things that will not have an impact. </ P>

227
00:16:21,654 --> 00:16:26,161
I try to make friends with everyone, but I hate it when you don't think seriously me.

228
00:16:26,161 --> 00:16:32,086
I don't hold grudges, it's not productive, but I learned from my experience.

229
00:16:32,086 --> 00:16:35,396
I want to make the world a better place.

230
00:16:41,102 --> 00:16:46,475
In 2004, Swartz left Highland Park and enroll at Stanford University. </ P>

231
00:16:46,475 --> 00:16:51,848
He suffered from ulcerative colitis which was very disturbing, and we were worried that he would take the medicine. </ P>

232
00:16:51,848 --> 00:16:55,863
He was hospitalized and he would take this pill cocktail every day ,

233
00:16:56,753 --> 00:17:01,093
and one of the pills was a steroid that inhibited its growth,

234
00:17:01,093 --> 00:17:04,782
and made it feel different from other students.

235
00:17:04,782 --> 00:17:07,828
Aaron, I thought, appeared at Stanford ready to do a scholarship

236
00:17:07,828 --> 00:17:12,801
and find itself in a child care program for over-achieving high school children

237
00:17:12,801 --> 00:17:20,828
who in four years are intended to be industry captains and one percent

238
00:17:20,828 --> 00:17:25,578
and I think it only makes it banana.

239
00:17:26,077 --> 00:17:29,197
In 2005, after just one year of college,

240
00:17:29,197 --> 00:17:35,874
Swartz was offered a place at a new start-up incubation company called Y Combinator, led by Paul Graham.

241
00:17:36,431 --> 00:17:39,777
He was like, "Hey, I have an idea for a website."

242
00:17:39,851 --> 00:17:43,170
And Paul Graham liked it enough, and said, "Yes, of course." / p>

243
00:17:43,170 --> 00:17:46,650
So Aaron came down from school, moved to this apartment...

244
00:17:46,668 --> 00:17:49,604
So this was Aaron's apartment when he moved here.

245
00:17:49,604 --> 00:17:55,397
I have vague memories of my father who said how difficult it was to get rent

246
00:17:55,397 --> 00:17:58,737
Because Aaron had no credit and he dropped out of college.

247
00:17:58,742 --> 00:18:04,989
Aaron lived in the now-living room and some of his posters were left behind when Aaron stayed here.

248
00:18:04,989 --> 00:18:09,889
And then the library... there are more books, but many of them belong to Aaron.

249
00:18:11,551 --> 00:18:17,511
The Aaron Y Combinator site is called "infogami", a tool for building websites.

250
00:18:17,511 --> 00:18:21,098
But infogamy struggles to find users, and finally Swartz

251
00:18:21,098 --> 00:18:25,037
combines his company with another Y Combinator project that needs help. </ P>

252
00:18:25,037 --> 00:18:29,919
That is a project led by Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian, called " Reddit ". </ P>

253
00:18:29,919 --> 00:18:33,988
We are there, from almost nothing.
There are no users, no money, no code,

254
00:18:33,988 --> 00:18:37,657
and develops from day to day is a very popular site,

255
00:18:37,657 --> 00:18:39,846
And it shows no sign of giving up.

256
00:18:39,846 --> 00:18:44,373
Pertama kita punya 1000 pengguna, lalu 10000, lalu 20000 dan seterusnya, dan seterusnya ... Itu sungguh luar biasa.

257
00:18:44,373 --> 00:18:49,563
Reddit is great and this is really a geeky corner of the Internet.

258
00:18:52,642 --> 00:19:01,220
There is a lot of humor, there are a lot of arts, and there are only people flocking to this site,

259
00:19:01,220 --> 00:19:07,883
and make the site the main site they go to every morning to get their news.

260
00:19:07,883 --> 00:19:12,008
reddit type only borders on chaos on several levels,

261
00:19:12,008 --> 00:19:19,368
So on the one hand it is a place where people discuss news about the day, technology, politics and issues,

262
00:19:19,368 --> 00:19:24,824
but there are many types of material that are not safe for work, offensive material,

263
00:19:24,824 --> 00:19:29,716
there are several sub-reddits where troll found the house welcome,

264
00:19:29,716 --> 00:19:33,929
So, in that sense reddit is also the home of controversy.

265
00:19:33,929 --> 00:19:36,791
It's like sitting on the edge of chaos.

266
00:19:36,791 --> 00:19:41,081
reddit captures the attention of the magazine giant Condé Nast's corporate,

267
00:19:41,081 --> 00:19:42,938
who made an offer to buy a company.

268
00:19:42,938 --> 00:19:46,939
A large amount of money, large enough so that my father was tapped with questions

269
00:19:46,939 --> 00:19:51,079
about like: "How do I save this money?"

270
00:19:51,302 --> 00:19:54,272
- Like a lot of money...
- Like a lot of money.

271
00:19:54,272 --> 00:20:00,319
Like maybe more than a million dollars, but I really don't know.

272
00:20:00,319 --> 00:20:03,461
- And he how old is he at that time?
- 19, 20

273
00:20:05,165 --> 00:20:11,205
So in this apartment.
They sit around
on what this sofa precedes,

274
00:20:11,205 --> 00:20:14,675
hacking on Reddit, and when they sell Reddit

275
00:20:14,757 --> 00:20:18,641
They throw a giant party, then all fly
to California the next day,

276
00:20:18,641 --> 00:20:21,885
and leave the key with me. </ p >

277
00:20:24,261 --> 00:20:27,480
Funny, you know, he just sold his start up so we all suspect

278
00:20:27,480 --> 00:20:29,329
He is the richest person around

279
00:20:29,329 --> 00:20:33,920
But he said, "Oh no, I'll take this little little
shoebox room.
That's everything I need."

280
00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:36,146
It's hardly bigger than a closet.

281
00:20:36,146 --> 00:20:42,499
The idea of him spending his money
Luxurious things seem very absurd.

282
00:20:42,580 --> 00:20:47,590
He explained it as, "I like living in an apartment so I won't spend a lot of money to live in a new place, I won't buy a big house,

283
00:20:47,750 --> 00:20:49,888
and I like to wear jeans and T-shirts,

284
00:20:50,016 --> 00:20:52,046
so I won't spend any more money on clothes.

285
00:20:52,046 --> 00:20:54,576
>

286
00:20:54,576 --> 00:20:57,966
So this isn't a big deal. "

287
00:20:58,140 --> 00:21:00,680
What Swartz's big problem is how traffic
flows on the internet,

288
00:21:00,844 --> 00:21:04,252
and what commands our attention </ p >

289
00:21:04,252 --> 00:21:08,583
space in the airwaves
You can only send ten channels via airwaves, television

290
00:21:08,583 --> 00:21:10,915
or even with cable, you have 500 channels.

291
00:21:11,003 --> 00:21:15,593
On the Internet, every people can have channels.
Everyone can get a blog, or MySpace page.

292
00:21:15,690 --> 00:21:18,274
Everyone has a way to express themselves.

293
00:21:18,274 --> 00:21:21,280
What you see now is not a question who gets it
access to the airwaves,

294
00:21:21,280 --> 00:21:25,100
This is the question of who can control it
the way you find people.

295
00:21:25,120 --> 00:21:29,286
You know, you begin to see the power of centralization on sites like Google, a kind of guard lever that tells you

296
00:21:29,286 --> 00:21:30,993
where on the internet you want to go

297
00:21:30,993 --> 00:21:34,273
People who give you your news and information sources.

298
00:21:34,273 --> 00:21:38,314
So it's not just certain people who have a license to speak, now everyone has

299
00:21:38,314 --> 00:21:40,904
a license to speak
This is the question of who was heard.

300
00:21:45,196 --> 00:21:49,806
After him started working in San Francisco
at Condé Nast, he came to the office

301
00:21:49,806 --> 00:21:53,792
and they wanted to give him a computer with all
this crap installed on it

302
00:21:53,792 --> 00:21:57,273
and say he can't install new items
on this computer,

303
00:21:57,273 --> 00:21:59,375
which for developers is very embarrassing.

304
00:21:59,375 --> 00:22:02,095
From day one, he complained
about all the items </ p >

305
00:22:05,317 --> 00:22:11,147
"Gray walls, gray tables, gray noise. The first
day I appeared here, I can't accept it.

306
00:22:11,147 --> 00:22:15,483
At lunch time, I really lock yourself up
in the bathroom stall and start crying.

307
00:22:15,483 --> 00:22:18,285
I can't imagine a sane life with someone
buzzing in my ears all day

308
00:22:18,285 --> 00:22:21,575
Never mind doing the real work done.

309
00:22:21,575 --> 00:22:24,087
No one else seems to work here too

310
00:22:24,087 --> 00:22:27,587
Everyone always goes into our room
hanging out and chatting, or invite us to play

311
00:22:27,587 --> 00:22:29,927
the new video game system that Wired is testing. "

312
00:22:32,972 --> 00:22:37,867
He really has different aspirations that are politically oriented,

313
00:22:37,987 --> 00:22:41,862
and Silicon Valley does not really have that culture

314
00:22:41,862 --> 00:22:46,967
that directs technical activity to goals political goals.

315
00:22:47,237 --> 00:22:49,613
Aaron hates working for the corporation.

316
00:22:49,613 --> 00:22:53,673
They all hate working for Condé Nast, but Aaron
is the only one who doesn't want to accept it.

317
00:22:53,694 --> 00:22:55,884
And finally Aaron was fired.

318
00:22:55,903 --> 00:22:58,313
By not appearing to work, forever.

319
00:23:01,183 --> 00:23:05,434
It was said to be a farewell apart.
Both Alexis Ohanian and Steve Huffman

320
00:23:05,447 --> 00:23:08,277
refused to be interviewed for this film.

321
00:23:09,251 --> 00:23:15,891
He refused the business world.
One very important thing to remember

322
00:23:15,891 --> 00:23:22,664
That choice when Aaron decides to leave start up
Culture is that he also left the

323
00:23:22,664 --> 00:23:31,334
things that made him famous and loved very much, and he risked disappointed fans.

324
00:23:31,422 --> 00:23:35,866
He got to the place he was supposed to live in, and had self-awareness

325
00:23:35,866 --> 00:23:43,051
and authenticity to realize that he had climbed the mountain of nonsense to be picked

326
00:23:43,051 --> 00:23:45,849
a single rose and find that he has lost his sense of smell,

327
00:23:45,849 --> 00:23:50,399
and instead of sitting there and insisting that it is not as bad as it looks,

328
00:23:50,399 --> 00:23:53,693
and he gets the rose in any case,

329
00:23:53,693 --> 00:23:57,413
He climbs back down, which is pretty cool.

330
00:23:58,026 --> 00:24:01,728
The way Aaron always sees it, is that
programming is magic -

331
00:24:01,728 --> 00:24:07,110
You can solve normal things < br /> humans can't, by being able to program.

332
00:24:07,110 --> 00:24:13,310
So if you have magical power, will you use them
them for good, or to make you mountain of money?

333
00:24:15,009 --> 00:24:18,478
Swartz was inspired by a visionary
he had met as a child. </ P>

334
00:24:18,478 --> 00:24:22,387
People who have found the World Wide Web,
Tim Berners-Lee. </ P>

335
00:24:22,387 --> 00:24:25,938
In 1990- an, Berners-Lee arguably sits down

336
00:24:25,938 --> 00:24:29,260
one of the most profitable discoveries of
20th century,

337
00:24:29,260 --> 00:24:35,137
but instead of benefiting from this discovery
from the World Wide Web, he gives it for free. </ P>

338
00:24:36,067 --> 00:24:39,707
Inilah satu-satunya alasan World Wide Web ada sekarang.

339
00:24:41,118 --> 00:24:45,261
Aaron certainly was greatly influenced by the Team.

340
00:24:45,261 --> 00:24:50,928
The team was of course a very prominent early internet genius, who was completely out of cash.

341
00:24:50,928 --> 00:24:55,865
He was not at all interested in how he would looking for ways to make a billion dollars.

342
00:24:55,865 --> 00:24:57,829
People say, "Ah, there is money to be made there,"

343
00:24:57,829 --> 00:25:00,636
so there will be lots of small nets,

344
00:25:00,636 --> 00:25:02,139
instead of a big one,

345
00:25:02,139 --> 00:25:05,030
and one small web, and all types of nets don't work,

346
00:25:05,030 --> 00:25:08,080
because you can't follow links from one to another.

347
00:25:10,173 --> 00:25:14,112
You have to have a critical mass - the problem is the whole planet,

348
00:25:14,112 --> 00:25:17,172
so it won't work unless the entire planet can get on board.

349
00:25:24,141 --> 00:25:28,372
I feel very strong that it isn't enough to live on world like now,

350
00:25:28,702 --> 00:25:34,732
to just accept what you give, and you know, follow the things that adults say you do,

351
00:25:34,732 --> 00:25:39,032
and that your parents tell you to do it, and that society tells you to do it .
I think you should always question.

352
00:25:39,045 --> 00:25:43,145
I take this scientific attitude, that
everything you've learned is only temporary,

353
00:25:43,405 --> 00:25:49,267
that it's always open to recantation or
ask, and in my opinion the same thing applies to society.

354
00:25:49,267 --> 00:25:53,491
Once I realize that there is a serious problem - a fundamental problem -

355
00:25:53,491 --> 00:25:58,601
that I can do something to overcome, I don't see a way to forget it.
I don't see a way to not do it.

356
00:26:02,600 --> 00:26:04,831
We just started spending a lot of time,

357
00:26:04,831 --> 00:26:06,621
just as friends.

358
00:26:08,912 --> 00:26:11,884
We will only chat, for hours, until night.

359
00:26:14,393 --> 00:26:18,110
I certainly understand that he is tempting me.
I think to some degree,

360
00:26:18,110 --> 00:26:23,980
I, like, this is a terrible idea, and it's impossible, and because of that I will pretend it didn't happen.

361
00:26:25,161 --> 00:26:28,937
As my marriage was destroyed, and I was indeed
really trapped without have to go,

362
00:26:28,937 --> 00:26:32,927
We become roommates, and I bring my daughter.

363
00:26:34,081 --> 00:26:37,246
We move, and equip the house
really peaceful

364
00:26:37,246 --> 00:26:40,816
My life hasn't been peaceful for a while, and it doesn't have anything at all. </ P>

365
00:26:46,225 --> 00:26:54,073
We are very close from the beginning of our romantic relationship. </ P>

366
00:26:54,073 --> 00:26:57,633
We are just... we are always in touch. </ P> >

367
00:26:57,633 --> 00:27:02,432
But we are both really difficult people to handle.
[laughs]

368
00:27:04,495 --> 00:27:10,865
In the very discussion of Ally McBeal, he claimed to have had a theme song, and I made it play for me.

369
00:27:12,345 --> 00:27:16,504
That was "Extraordinary Machine" by Fiona Apple.

370
00:27:16,504 --> 00:27:24,154
I think it's just a feeling of a kind of little fought that the song has,

371
00:27:25,054 --> 00:27:27,697
and also, like, this hope for that. </ P>

372
00:27:27,837 --> 00:27:34,418
♪ On foot, this is a slow climb, but I well
Because I feel uncomfortable, I can't stop

373
00:27:34,418 --> 00:27:36,689
changing all the time ♪

374
00:27:36,689 --> 00:27:44,481
In many ways, Aaron is very optimistic
about life.
Even when he doesn't feel it,

375
00:27:44,481 --> 00:27:47,041
he can be very optimistic about life. </ P>

376
00:27:47,041 --> 00:27:49,561
♪ The machine is amazing ♪

377
00:27:53,237 --> 00:27:58,317
- What are you doing?
(Quinn) - Flicker has a video now. </ P>

378
00:27:59,730 --> 00:28:01,743
Swartz throws his energy into a new string

379
00:28:01,743 --> 00:28:04,731
projects that involve access to public information,

380
00:28:04,731 --> 00:28:08,189
Visit www.Fortunebet99.cc
Trusted Secure Online Gambling Agents

381
00:28:08,189 --> 00:28:10,799
and a project called The Open Library.

382
00:28:10,986 --> 00:28:15,299
Visit www.Fortunebet99.cc
Trusted Secure Online Gambling Agent

383
00:28:15,299 --> 00:28:19,778
and the idea is to become a large wiki, a website that can be edited with one page per book. </ p >

384
00:28:19,778 --> 00:28:23,910
So for every book that has ever been published, we want to have a web page about it that combines

385
00:28:23,910 --> 00:28:29,551
all information from publishers, from booksellers, from libraries, from readers

386
00:28:29,551 --> 00:28:34,587
to one site, and then gives you a link where
you can buy it, you can borrow it, or you can see it.

387
00:28:34,587 --> 00:28:39,958
I like the library.
I'm the type of person who > go to a new city and immediately find a library.

388
00:28:39,958 --> 00:28:44,050
That's the dream of Open Library, building this website where both can leap

389
00:28:44,050 --> 00:28:49,297
From books to books, from person to writer, from the subject of ideas, through this broad tree

390
00:28:49,297 --> 00:28:54,127
from knowledge that has been embedded and lost in a large physical library, it's hard to find,

391
00:28:54,177 --> 00:28:59,086
It's not easily accessible online.
This is very important because books are our cultural heritage.

392
00:28:59,086 --> 00:29:01,283
Books are where people go to write something,

393
00:29:01,283 --> 00:29:05,813
and to have everything that a corporation swallows is rather scary. </ P>

394
00:29:06,730 --> 00:29:10,771
How can you bring public access to the public domain? </ P>

395
00:29:10,771 --> 00:29:14,828
It may sound clear that you have public access to the public domain,

396
00:29:14,828 --> 00:29:21,368
But actually it's not true.
So the public domain must be free for all, but often locked up.

397
00:29:21,378 --> 00:29:26,756
There are often cage guards.
It's like having a national park but with the surrounding trenches,

398
00:29:26,756 --> 00:29:33,245
and the weapon tower shows, if someone might really come and enjoy the public sphere. </ p >

399
00:29:33,245 --> 00:29:39,458
One of the things that Aaron really wanted was to bring public access to the public sphere.

400
00:29:39,458 --> 00:29:43,258
This is one of the things that makes him experience so many problems.

401
00:29:46,254 --> 00:29:52,794
I have tried to get access to federal court records in the United States.

402
00:29:54,458 --> 00:29:59,108
What I found was a confusing system called PACER.

403
00:29:59,518 --> 00:30:03,124
Which stands for Public Access to Court Electronic Records.

404
00:30:03,124 --> 00:30:07,314
I started Googling, and that's when I ran
across Carl Malamud. </ P>

405
00:30:08,886 --> 00:30:14,997
Akses terhadap materi hukum di Amerika Serikat adalah bisnis sepuluh miliar dolar per tahun.

406
00:30:14,997 --> 00:30:23,004
PACER is just this extraordinary abomination.
from government service can search for it.
You can't tag anything.

407
00:30:23,004 --> 00:30:27,471
You must have a credit card, and this is a public record.

408
00:30:27,471 --> 00:30:31,891
US District Court very important;

where many court proceedings begin.

409
00:30:31,891 --> 00:30:37,429
Cases of civil rights, patent cases, all kinds of goods.
Journalists, students, citizens and lawyers

410
00:30:37,429 --> 00:30:44,369
all need access to PACER, and this sounds every step of the way.

411
00:30:44,369 --> 00:30:48,637
People without means cannot see the law as easily as people who have that American Express Gold card.

412
00:30:48,637 --> 00:30:55,246
This is a poll tax on access to justice.

413
00:30:55,246 --> 00:30:57,776
Ini adalah pajak jajak pendapat tentang akses terhadap keadilan.

414
00:30:57,946 --> 00:31:04,096
You know, the law is our democratic operating system, and you have to pay to see it?

415
00:31:04,246 --> 00:31:07,135
You know, it's not democracy.

416
00:31:07,135 --> 00:31:11,869
They make about 120 million dollars a year on the system PACER,

417
00:31:11,869 --> 00:31:18,236
and there are no fees near it, according to their own records.
Actually, it's illegal. </ P>

418
00:31:18,937 --> 00:31:25,834
The 2002 E-Government Act states that the court can charge only as far as is needed,

419
00:31:25,834 --> 00:31:29,591
to replace the cost of running PACER.

420
00:31:34,621 --> 00:31:40,160
As founder of Public.Resource.Org, Malamud wants to protest the charges of PACER.

421
00:31:40,160 --> 00:31:43,300
He start a program called The PACER Recycling Project,

422
00:31:43,300 --> 00:31:47,297
where people can upload PACER documents that they have paid

423
00:31:47,297 --> 00:31:50,334
to a free database so others can use them.

424
00:31:50,334 --> 00:31:55,331
PACER people have received many complaints from Congress and others about public access,

425
00:31:55,336 --> 00:32:00,925
so they have gathered a system in 17 libraries across the country which are free PACER access.

426
00:32:01,885 --> 00:32:07,625
You know, it's a library every 22,000 square miles, I'm sure, it's not really comfortable. </ P>

427
00:32:08,095 --> 00:32:12,173
I encourage volunteers to join the so-called Thumb Drive Corps,

428
00:32:12,173 --> 00:32:17,157
and download documentation from the public access library, upload it to the PACER recycling site.

429
00:32:17,157 --> 00:32:20,813
People carry a thumb drive to one of these libraries, and they download a collection of documents,

430
00:32:20,813 --> 00:32:25,089
and they send them to me.
I mean, it's just a joke.

431
00:32:25,089 --> 00:32:28,636
Actually, when you click on Thumb Drive Corps, there is the Wizard of Oz,

432
00:32:28,636 --> 00:32:32,111
you know, Munchkins singing, it becomes a videoclip appears:

433
00:32:32,173 --> 00:32:35,034
♪ We represent a lollipop guild... ♪

434
00:32:35,260 --> 00:32:39,386
But of course, I received a call from Steve Shultz and Aaron, saying,

435
00:32:39,621 --> 00:32:43,047
"Wow, we want to join Thumb Drive Corps. "</ P>

436
00:32:43,377 --> 00:32:47,544
Around that time, I met Aaron at a conference. </ P>

437
00:32:47,544 --> 00:32:51,633
This was something that really had to be collaboration between many different people. </ P>

438
00:32:51,633 --> 00:32:53,347
So I approached him and I said,

439
00:32:53,347 --> 00:32:58,195
"Hey, I'm thinking of an intervention on the PACER problem."

440
00:32:59,865 --> 00:33:04,442
Schultz has developed a program that can automatically download PACER documents

441
00:33:04,442 --> 00:33:06,459
from the experimental library

442
00:33:06,459 --> 00:33:08,796
Swartz wants to take a look.

443
00:33:08,796 --> 00:33:13,481
Jadi, saya menunjukkan kepadanya kode itu, dan saya tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi selanjutnya,

444
00:33:13,481 --> 00:33:19,033
But it turns out, for the next few hours at the conference,

445
00:33:19,033 --> 00:33:24,588
He wasn't sitting in a corner, fixing my code, recruiting his friends

446
00:33:24,588 --> 00:33:32,139
who lived near one of these libraries to enter the library, and start testing the corrected code.

447
00:33:32,139 --> 00:33:38,440
At which time people in the court realize something is not going according to plan.

448
00:33:38,440 --> 00:33:42,901
And the data starts to enter, enter, and enter

449
00:33:42,901 --> 00:33:47,632
and there will soon be a 760 GB PACER document, about 20 million pages.

450
00:33:48,862 --> 00:33:52,098
Using the information taken from the experiment library,

451
00:33:52,098 --> 00:33:57,304
Swartz downloads parallel automatically from the PACER system.

452
00:33:57,304 --> 00:34:04,360
He can get almost 2.7 million Federal Court documents, nearly 20 million pages of text.

453
00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:09,865
Now, I will give you that 20 million pages might exceed expectations people

454
00:34:09,865 --> 00:34:14,535
running a pilot access project, but surprisingly a bureaucrat is not illegal.

455
00:34:14,830 --> 00:34:19,096
Aaron and Carl decided to talk to The New York Times about what happened.

456
00:34:19,731 --> 00:34:26,500
They also attracted the attention of the FBI , who started asking Swartz's parents in Illinois.

457
00:34:26,639 --> 00:34:31,053
And I got a tweet from his mother, said, "call me !!"

458
00:34:31,053 --> 00:34:34,127
So, I think, like, what happened here?

459
00:34:34,127 --> 00:34:38,981
So, finally I held Aaron and, you know, Aaron's mother like, "My Lord, FBI, FBI, FBI!"

460
00:34:40,271 --> 00:34:45,831
An FBI agent walked down the driveway us, try to see if Aaron is in his room.

461
00:34:47,164 --> 00:34:51,899
I remember being home that day, and wondering why this car drove in our driveway,

462
00:34:51,899 --> 00:34:55,110
and just driving back .
That's weird!

463
00:34:56,719 --> 00:35:04,953
Like, five years later I read this FBI file, like, oh, yes, it's an FBI agent, on my home page.

464
00:35:05,185 --> 00:35:09,009
He was very scared.
He was really scared.

465
00:35:09,959 --> 00:35:14,920
He was far more scared after the FBI actually called him on the phone,

466
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:19,302
and tried to suck him down to the coffee shop without a lawyer.

467
00:35:19,322 --> 00:35:23,664
He said he came home home and lie on the bed and, you know, are trembling.

468
00:35:25,511 --> 00:35:30,006
Download also finds massive privacy violations in court documents.

469
00:35:30,242 --> 00:35:34,922
Finally, the court was forced to change their policies as a result,

470
00:35:34,922 --> 00:35:39,850
and the FBI closed their investigation without filing a lawsuit.

471
00:35:39,850 --> 00:35:42,722
To this day, I feel extraordinary

472
00:35:42,722 --> 00:35:47,823
anyone, even at the most remote podidd field office on the FBI

473
00:35:47,823 --> 00:35:52,327
thinks that the right use of taxpayer dollars is investigating people

474
00:35:52,327 --> 00:35:55,491
for criminal theft on the grounds that they have made a public law.

475
00:35:55,491 --> 00:35:57,746
How can you call yourself a lawman,

476
00:35:58,055 --> 00:36:02,055
and think that there might be something wrong in this whole world

477
00:36:02,055 --> 00:36:03,815
by making public law?

478
00:36:03,815 --> 00:36:09,455
Aaron is willing to put himself at risk for the cause he believes .

479
00:36:09,455 --> 00:36:15,586
Disturbed by differences in wealth, Swartz moved beyond technology, and became a broader political cause.

480
00:36:15,586 --> 00:36:21,786
I went to Congress, and I invited him to come and hang out and apprentice for us to temporarily

481
00:36:21,812 --> 00:36:25,182
so that he can learn the political process.

482
00:36:25,194 --> 00:36:31,194
He sort of learns about new communities and tools of skills and new types of learning for hack politics.

483
00:36:31,194 --> 00:36:36,506
It seems ridiculous that the miners have to brush it aside until their entire bodies are sweaty

484
00:36:36,506 --> 00:36:41,276
Faced with the knowledge that if they dare to stop, they cannot eat on the table that night,

485
00:36:41,306 --> 00:36:46,576
temporarily I can make big and bigger amounts of money every day just by sitting and watching TV.

486
00:36:46,648 --> 00:36:48,898
But it turns out the world is ridiculous.

487
00:36:49,025 --> 00:36:53,035
So, I founded a group called "The Progressive Change Campaign Committee ",

488
00:36:53,058 --> 00:36:58,298
and what we are trying to do is we try to organize people through the Internet who care about progressive politics

489
00:36:58,318 --> 00:37:00,568
and move the country towards a more progressive direction

490
00:37:00,570 --> 00:37:03,787
to join together, join our e-mail list, join our campaign

491
00:37:03,787 --> 00:37:06,297
and help us to get selected progressive candidates across the country.

492
00:37:06,326 --> 00:37:12,656
This group is responsible for sparking grassroots efforts behind the campaign to elect Elizabeth Warren to the Senate.

493
00:37:12,806 --> 00:37:17,896
He might think it was a stupid system but he came in and he said, "I need to study this system,

494
00:37:17,900 --> 00:37:21,480
because it can be manipulated like any social system."

495
00:37:21,540 --> 00:37:25,850
But his passion for knowledge and library not taking a back seat.

496
00:37:25,855 --> 00:37:31,170
Aaron began to look more closely at institutions that publish academic journal articles.

497
00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:35,630
Because I am a student at a US university, I assume you have access

498
00:37:35,630 --> 00:37:38,760
to various scientific journals.

499
00:37:38,760 --> 00:37:43,851
Almost all major universities in the United States pay such license fees to organizations like

500
00:37:43,851 --> 00:37:50,952
JSTOR and Thompson Fill to gain access to scientific journals that the whole world cannot read.

501
00:37:51,054 --> 00:37:57,278
These scientific journals and articles are basically the overall wealth of human knowledge online,

502
00:37:57,278 --> 00:38:02,278
and many have been paid with taxpayers' money or government grants,

503
00:38:02,413 --> 00:38:08,639
But to read them, you often have to pay again while handing in stolen fees to publishers like Reed-Elsevier.

504
00:38:08,801 --> 00:38:14,732
This license fee so large that people studying in India, rather than studying in the United States,

505
00:38:15,128 --> 00:38:18,937
do not have access like this
They are locked from all these journals.

506
00:38:19,253 --> 00:38:23,247
They are locked from the whole of our scientific heritage.

507
00:38:23,247 --> 00:38:27,361
I mean, many of these journal articles, they return to The Enlightenment.

508
00:38:27,361 --> 00:38:32,467
Every time someone writes a scientific work, the book has been scanned, digitized, and entered into this collection.

509
00:38:32,467 --> 00:38:39,766
That is the legacy that we have lived by the history of people who do interesting work, the history of scientists.

510
00:38:39,766 --> 00:38:43,167
This is a legacy that should be ours as public property, as human beings,

511
00:38:43,167 --> 00:38:48,127
However, it has been confined and marketed online by a handful of non-profit companies

512
00:38:48,127 --> 00:38:53,044
then try to get the maximum benefit they can get out of it.

513
00:38:53,464 --> 00:38:58,769
Be a researcher who is paid by the university or someone publishes a paper,

514
00:38:58,769 --> 00:39:02,312
and at the very last step of the process, after all work is done,

515
00:39:02,312 --> 00:39:07,031
After all original research is done - thought, laboratory work, analysis, after everything is done,

516
00:39:07,031 --> 00:39:13,359
In the last stage, the researcher must hand over the copyright to this multi-billion dollar company.

517
00:39:14,488 --> 00:39:18,238
And that hurts.
This is an entire economy built on voluntary work,

518
00:39:18,238 --> 00:39:21,080
and then the publisher sits at the very top and scraps the cream.

519
00:39:21,930 --> 00:39:28,968
Talk about scam.
One publisher in the UK made a profit of three billion dollars last year.

520
00:39:28,968 --> 00:39:30,484
I mean, what is a racquet! </ P>

521
00:39:30,494 --> 00:39:34,321
JSTOR is just a very small player in the story

522
00:39:34,321 --> 00:39:41,068
But for some reason, JSTOR is a player that Aaron decided to face. </ P>

523
00:39:41,068 --> 00:39:45,009
He went to a conference around Open Access and Open Publishing,

524
00:39:45,009 --> 00:39:47,070
and I didn't know who that person was from JSTOR,

525
00:39:47,070 --> 00:39:50,368
But I thought they - at some point, Aaron asked a question,

526
00:39:50,368 --> 00:39:54,606
"How much does it cost to open JSTOR continuously?"

527
00:39:54,606 --> 00:39:58,225
And they give some - I think it's two hundred million dollars,

528
00:39:58,225 --> 00:40:00,422
something that Aaron thinks is really ridiculous.

529
00:40:01,166 --> 00:40:07,452
Working in an alliance at Harvard, he knows the user at the famous MIT network is open and fast next to it

530
00:40:07,452 --> 00:40:12,238
has given authority to access JSTOR's wealth.
Swartz sees an opportunity.

531
00:40:12,238 --> 00:40:14,434
You have the gate key,

532
00:40:14,434 --> 00:40:19,694
and with a little magic shell script, you can get the journal article.

533
00:40:21,302 --> 00:40:23,492
On September 24, 2010,

534
00:40:23,492 --> 00:40:27,301
Swartz registered the newly purchased Acer laptop

535
00:40:27,301 --> 00:40:31,479
at the MIT network, with the name "Garry Host".

536
00:40:31,479 --> 00:40:36,169
The client's name is listed as "GHost laptop".

537
00:40:36,169 --> 00:40:38,990
He did not hack JSTOR in the traditional sense of hacking.

538
00:40:38,990 --> 00:40:40,943
The JSTOR database is organized,

539
00:40:40,943 --> 00:40:44,500
it is very trivial to know how you can download all the articles in JSTOR,

540
00:40:44,500 --> 00:40:46,567
because they are basically numbered.

541
00:40:46,567 --> 00:40:52,351
That is basically slash slash slash... article number 444024 and - 25 and -26. </ P>

542
00:40:52,351 --> 00:40:55,784
He wrote a Python script called keepgrabbing.pi,

543
00:40:55,784 --> 00:40:58,607
which was like, continued to reach one article after another. </ P>

544
00:40:58,607 --> 00:41:02,210
The next day, GHost's laptop started to grab the article,

545
00:41:02,210 --> 00:41:08,765
but soon, the computer's IP address was blocked.
For Swartz, this was almost no bump on the road.

546
00:41:08,765 --> 00:41:13,628
He immediately reassigned his computer's IP address and keep downloading.

547
00:41:13,628 --> 00:41:18,172
Well, JSTOR and MIT take a number of steps to try to interfere with this,

548
00:41:18,172 --> 00:41:19,766
when they realize that this is happening,

549
00:41:19,766 --> 00:41:22,184
and if step the simpler doesn't work,

550
00:41:22,184 --> 00:41:27,171
Then at some stage, JSTOR only cuts MIT from having access to the JSTOR database.

551
00:41:27,171 --> 00:41:29,713
So there is some kind of cat and mouse game

552
00:41:29,713 --> 00:41:33,876
get access to the JSTOR database

553
00:41:33,876 --> 00:41:39,920
Aaron, finally, the cat is clear because he has more technical ability

554
00:41:39,920 --> 00:41:42,921
than the JSTOR database that people do in defending it.

555
00:41:42,921 --> 00:41:47,228
Finally, there is an inventory cabinet that is not locked in the wrong basement one building,

556
00:41:47,228 --> 00:41:51,495
and he left, instead of going through WiFi, he went there and he immediately installed his computer directly into the network

557
00:41:51,495 --> 00:41:56,541
and left it there with an external hard drive that downloaded the article This is to the computer.

558
00:41:56,541 --> 00:42:01,812
It is unknown to Swartz, the laptop and hard drive have been found by the authorities.

559
00:42:02,882 --> 00:42:05,736
They do not stop downloading.

560
00:42:05,736 --> 00:42:09,001
Instead, they install the camera reconnaissance.

561
00:42:10,584 --> 00:42:14,540
They found a computer in this room in the basement of an MIT building.

562
00:42:15,382 --> 00:42:19,759
They could revoke it.
They could just wait for the man to come back and say,

563
00:42:19,759 --> 00:42:23,764
" Dude, what are you doing, you know, cutting who you are? "</ P>

564
00:42:23,764 --> 00:42:25,887
They can do all kinds of things like that, but they don't. </ P>

565
00:42:25,887 --> 00:42:30,182
What they want to do is film it to gather evidence to make a case.

566
00:42:30,182 --> 00:42:36,477
That's the only reason you filmed something like that.

567
00:42:37,667 --> 00:42:42,082
Initially, the only person caught in a glitchy surveillance camera

568
00:42:42,082 --> 00:42:46,475
used a closet as a place to store bottles and cans.

569
00:42:53,202 --> 00:42:57,033
But days later, he caught Swartz.

570
00:43:06,185 --> 00:43:10,658
Swartz changed the hard disk.
He took it out of his backpack,

571
00:43:11,240 --> 00:43:14,517
lean outside the frame for about five minutes,

572
00:43:15,014 --> 00:43:21,863
and then leave.

573
00:43:37,238 --> 00:43:41,775
And then they organize, like, reconnaissance places, when he bikes home from MIT,

574
00:43:41,899 --> 00:43:44,554
This cop comes out from either side of the road,

575
00:43:44,614 --> 00:43:48,436
or something like that, and starts chasing him

576
00:43:49,199 --> 00:43:54,436
He explained that he was pressured and attacked by the police.

577
00:43:55,207 --> 00:43:58,382
He told me that they - it was not clear that they were the police chasing him.

578
00:43:58,382 --> 00:44:02,797
He thought that someone tried to attack him.

579
00:44:02,797 --> 00:44:05,914
He said that they beat him.

580
00:44:08,395 --> 00:44:15,406
It was only devastating.
The idea of criminal prosecution of anyone in our family or anything

581
00:44:15,406 --> 00:44:18,358
It's so strange and incomprehensible, I don't know what to do.

582
00:44:18,409 --> 00:44:24,232
Well, they did a search warrant at Aaron's house, his apartment in Cambridge, in his office at Harvard.

583
00:44:27,972 --> 00:44:33,587
Two days before the arrest, the investigation exceeded the local Cambridge JSTOR and police.

584
00:44:33,964 --> 00:44:37,661
It was taken over by the US Secret Service.

585
00:44:38,061 --> 00:44:42,531
The Secret Service began investigating credit card fraud and computer in 1984,

586
00:44:42,807 --> 00:44:46,060
But six weeks after the 9/11 attacks, their roles expanded.

587
00:44:47,290 --> 00:44:49,363
[applause]

588
00:44:49,532 --> 00:44:56,061


589
00:44:56,791 --> 00:45:01,328
President Bush used the Patriot Act to build a network of what they call the "Electronic Crime Forces".

590
00:45:01,643 --> 00:45:06,580
The bill before I take into account the new realities and dangers posed by modern terrorists.

591
00:45:06,841 --> 00:45:11,169
According to the Secret Service, they are primarily engaged in activity with economic impact,

592
00:45:11,384 --> 00:45:15,866
organized criminal groups, or the use of schemes that involve new technology.

593
00:45:16,246 --> 00:45:18,722
There is a man in the U.S. lawyer's office. who has the title:

594
00:45:19,054 --> 00:45:21,895
"Computer Crime Division Head or Task Force"

595
00:45:22,179 --> 00:45:24,317
I don't know what he has done,

596
00:45:24,455 --> 00:45:29,477
but you are certainly not a person "Computer Crime Judge" without computer crime to be tried,

597
00:45:29,994 --> 00:45:35,095
So he jumps on it, then if for himself, does not assign it to someone else in the office or unit

598
00:45:35,564 --> 00:45:37,638
and that is Steve Heymann .

599
00:45:37,806 --> 00:45:41,896
Prosecutor Stephen Heymann has been largely out of public view since the arrest of Aaron Swartz,

600
00:45:41,896 --> 00:45:46,793
But he can be seen here, in an episode of the television show "American Greed",

601
00:45:46,793 --> 00:45:49,550
was filmed around the time of Aaron's arrest.

602
00:45:49,550 --> 00:45:53,378
He described the previous case against the famous hacker Alberto Gonzales,

603
00:45:53,652 --> 00:45:56,899
a case that gathered Heymann's attention and great appreciation.

604
00:45:57,273 --> 00:46:02,017
Gonzales masterminded the theft of more than one hundred million credit cards and ATM numbers,

605
00:46:02,209 --> 00:46:04,537
the biggest fraud in history.

606
00:46:04,852 --> 00:46:09,983
Here, Heymann, who describes Gonzales, gave his views about the hacker mindset :

607
00:46:10,263 --> 00:46:16,178
These people are driven by many of the same things we push.

608
00:46:16,515 --> 00:46:24,774
They have egos, they like challenges, and of course they like money and everything you can get with money.

609
00:46:25,134 --> 00:46:29,891
One of the suspects involved in the Gonzales case was a young hacker named Jonathan James.

610
00:46:30,254 --> 00:46:33,127
Believing Gonzalee's crime would be pinned on him,

611
00:46:33,420 --> 00:46:36,929
James did suicide during the investigation.

612
00:46:37,139 --> 00:46:40,865
In the initial press release describing the government's position in the case of Aaron Swartz,

613
00:46:41,115 --> 00:46:45,974
Boss Heymann, US Attorney for the Massachusetts District, Carmen Ortiz, said this:

614
00:46:46,521 --> 00:46:50,116
"Stealing is stealing, whether you use computer commands or crowbars,

615
00:46:50,116 --> 00:46:53,021
and whether you take documents, data, or dollars."

616
00:46:53,731 --> 00:46:55,587
That's not true.
This is definitely not true. </ P>

617
00:46:56,037 --> 00:46:57,717
I'm not saying it's not dangerous,

618
00:46:58,487 --> 00:47:04,102
and I'm not saying that we shouldn't criminalize the theft of information,

619
00:47:04,318 --> 00:47:06,693
but you have to be far more smooth

620
00:47:09,063 --> 00:47:14,261
in trying to figure out what kind of danger is dangerous here.

621
00:47:14,897 --> 00:47:18,957
So the thing about crowbar is, every time I enter a place with a crowbar,

622
00:47:18,957 --> 00:47:21,768
I ruined
There was no doubt about that. </ P>

623
00:47:21,768 --> 00:47:24,005
But when Aaron wrote a script that reads

624
00:47:24,206 --> 00:47:28,329
downloaded downloaded, one hundred times in seconds,

625
00:47:28,329 --> 00:47:31,047
Tidak ada kerusakan nyata pada siapa pun.

626
00:47:31,047 --> 00:47:36,148
If he does that to collect archives to do academic research on that,

627
00:47:36,211 --> 00:47:38,621
There is never any damage to anyone.

628
00:47:38,659 --> 00:47:42,925
He doesn't steal.
He doesn't sell what he gets or give it.

629
00:47:42,925 --> 00:47:45,671
He is right, as far as I know.

630
00:47:45,671 --> 00:47:48,149
The arrest brings victims to Swartz.

631
00:47:48,230 --> 00:47:49,712
He does not want to talk about it.

632
00:47:49,819 --> 00:47:51,466
I mean, he is very stressed.

633
00:47:51,706 --> 00:47:56,424
If you think that the FBI will come to your door at any time,

634
00:47:56,424 --> 00:47:59,604
whenever you go down the hall, even to wash your clothes,

635
00:47:59,604 --> 00:48:03,170
and they will go into your apartment because you left the door unlocked,

636
00:48:03,170 --> 00:48:06,545
like... I will be very stressed,

637
00:48:06,545 --> 00:48:12,727
and it's clear, so Aaron is always like a mood.

638
00:48:18,800 --> 00:48:24,093
He won't give sensitive information about his whereabouts all this time,

639
00:48:24,111 --> 00:48:28,345
Because he is very afraid of the FBI waiting for him.

640
00:48:31,445 --> 00:48:35,452
This is a time of social and political activism that has never existed before.

641
00:48:35,702 --> 00:48:41,811
Time Magazine will then be named, as their Person of the Year 2011, "The Protester".

642
00:48:42,348 --> 00:48:46,925
There is a sort of nest of hacker activity that is ongoing.

643
00:48:49,056 --> 00:48:53,442
WikiLeaks has released a pull of diplomatic cable,

644
00:48:53,907 --> 00:48:56,491
Manning has been captured at that time,

645
00:48:56,526 --> 00:48:59,933
It is unknown if he is the source of the leak.

646
00:49:00,586 --> 00:49:04,801
Anonymous, which is a kind of protest ensemble that

647
00:49:04,801 --> 00:49:07,129
has many hackers in its ranks,

648
00:49:07,834 --> 00:49:11,357
is going on various kinds.

649
00:49:11,745 --> 00:49:14,107
If you compare it to what it does,

650
00:49:14,107 --> 00:49:17,902
this item should be left behind for MIT and JSTOR to handle,

651
00:49:18,596 --> 00:49:22,048
in some kind of personal and professional problem.

652
00:49:22,395 --> 00:49:27,657
It should never get attention from the criminal system.

653
00:49:28,425 --> 00:49:31,870
That is not included there.

654
00:49:36,645 --> 00:49:39,720
Before he was charged, Swartz was offered a plea agreement

655
00:49:40,151 --> 00:49:43,230
which involved three months in prison, time in a halfway house,

656
00:49:43,230 --> 00:49:45,535
and one year of house arrest,

657
00:49:45,599 --> 00:49:48,006
all without using a computer.

658
00:49:48,170 --> 00:49:52,460
With that condition Swartz pleaded guilty to a crime.

659
00:49:52,806 --> 00:49:56,789
Here we are: we have no discovery, there is no evidence at all

660
00:49:57,075 --> 00:49:58,793
about what the government case is,

661
00:49:58,974 --> 00:50:01,821
p>

662
00:50:01,976 --> 00:50:05,464
and we have to make this very big decision

663
00:50:05,746 --> 00:50:09,732
where the lawyer encourages you to do this,

664
00:50:10,041 --> 00:50:13,360
the government gives you a request that cannot be negotiated,

665
00:50:13,617 --> 00:50:18,563
So whether you are guilty or not, you should take over the deal.

666
00:50:18,908 --> 00:50:20,940
Boston has its own Computer Crime Division,

667
00:50:21,315 --> 00:50:25,208
Many lawyers, maybe more lawyers than they need.

668
00:50:25,999 --> 00:50:30,664
So, you know, you can imagine all kinds of cases that will be very difficult to try,

669
00:50:30,737 --> 00:50:32,897
because you have some criminals in Russia,

670
00:50:33,261 --> 00:50:35,997
or you have some people in the company

671
00:50:36,254 --> 00:50:40,028
lawyers five hundred dollars or seven hundred dollars per hour

672
00:50:40,028 --> 00:50:43,856
sit against you, and then you have this case with this child,

673
00:50:44,156 --> 00:50:48,022
which is easy enough to prove that he did something,

674
00:50:48,049 --> 00:50:52,731
and he has marked himself as a troublemaker with the FBI,

675
00:50:52,837 --> 00:50:56,551
jadi mengapa tidak pergi sekuat yang Anda bisa melawan orang itu?

676
00:50:56,551 --> 00:50:59,714
This is good for you prosecutor.
This is good for the Republic,

677
00:50:59,714 --> 00:51:02,242
Because you are fighting all types of terrorists.

678
00:51:02,631 --> 00:51:03,996
I'm very scared.

679
00:51:03,996 --> 00:51:06,053
I was very scared of my computer being confiscated. </ P>

680
00:51:06,053 --> 00:51:10,228
I was very afraid of going to jail because my computer was confiscated. </ P>

681
00:51:10,338 --> 00:51:15,293
I have confidential material from sources from my previous work on my laptop,

682
00:51:15,470 --> 00:51:20,517
and that, above all, my priority - is to keep my sources safe.

683
00:51:20,677 --> 00:51:25,220
I am very scared of what will happen to Ada.

684
00:51:25,400 --> 00:51:27,764
Aaron told me they offer him an agreement,

685
00:51:28,136 --> 00:51:32,853
and he finally just says that he will accept it if I tell him,

686
00:51:33,180 --> 00:51:37,456
and I say - I really close by saying, "Take it." </ p >

687
00:51:37,673 --> 00:51:42,595
He has this - he has developed, like, serious political aspirations

688
00:51:42,731 --> 00:51:45,622
At the same time, between when, you know,

689
00:51:45,651 --> 00:51:51,218
At that time when he ended entrepreneurial start-up life,

690
00:51:51,406 --> 00:51:56,448
and started a new life that came to this political activism,

691
00:51:57,077 --> 00:52:03,834
and he just doesn't believe that he can continue his life with a crime.

692
00:52:04,180 --> 00:52:07,386
You know, he told me one day, we walked near the White House,

693
00:52:07,386 --> 00:52:12,379
and he said to me, "They don't let criminals work there."

694
00:52:17,801 --> 00:52:22,031
And you know he really is - he really wants it to be his life.

695
00:52:22,387 --> 00:52:25,440
He doesn't kill anyone .
He doesn't hurt anyone.

696
00:52:25,784 --> 00:52:28,298
He doesn't, like, steal money.

697
00:52:28,489 --> 00:52:32,573
He doesn't do anything that seems very annoying, and... </ p >

698
00:52:34,793 --> 00:52:39,327
There is an idea that there is no reason that he should be labeled a criminal,

699
00:52:39,357 --> 00:52:42,892
and take the right to vote in many states

700
00:52:43,363 --> 00:52:45,807
to do what he does
That's just too much.

701
00:52:45,807 --> 00:52:50,100
It makes sense for him to be fined a certain amount of money,

702
00:52:50,100 --> 00:52:54,467
or asked not to return to MIT again.

703
00:52:54,467 --> 00:52:59,454
But to be a criminal?
Facing a prison sentence?

704
00:53:01,516 --> 00:53:04,063
Swartz refused the defense agreement.

705
00:53:04,342 --> 00:53:07,188
<p p>

706
00:53:07,523 --> 00:53:12,457
Heymann multiplied his efforts.

707
00:53:13,040 --> 00:53:15,667
Heymann kept pressing us at all levels.

708
00:53:15,988 --> 00:53:18,389
Even with physical evidence confiscated from Aaron

709
00:53:18,760 --> 00:53:21,503
Acer computer hard drive and USB drive,

710
00:53:21,913 --> 00:53:24,847
prosecutors need proof of their motives. </ P>

711
00:53:25,199 --> 00:53:28,380
Why does Aaron Swartz download articles from JSTOR,

712
00:53:29,284 --> 00:53:32,167
and only what he plans with them? </ P>

713
00:53:32,709 --> 00:53:36,073
We don't really know if it's true intention

714
00:53:36,310 --> 00:53:43,068
because Aaron also has a history of doing projects where he will analyze giant data sets

715
00:53:43,314 --> 00:53:45,443
to learn interesting things about them.

716
00:53:45,746 --> 00:53:48,101
The best evidence for that is when he was at Stanford,

717
00:53:48,353 --> 00:53:53,037
he also downloaded the entire Westlaw legal database.

718
00:53:53,407 --> 00:53:55,948
In a project with Stanford law students,

719
00:53:56,115 --> 00:53:58,445
p>

720
00:53:58,676 --> 00:54:02,822
Swartz has downloaded the Westlaw legal database.

721
00:54:02,822 --> 00:54:04,534
He found a disturbing relationship between legal research funders

722
00:54:04,764 --> 00:54:08,097
and profitable results.

723
00:54:08,097 --> 00:54:11,698
He did extraordinary analysis for nonprofit companies

724
00:54:11,698 --> 00:54:15,517
gives money to law professors who write legal review articles

725
00:54:15,637 --> 00:54:19,391
So it's a very corrupt funding system, you know, vanity research.

726
00:54:19,441 --> 00:54:22,694
Swartz never releases Westlaw documents.

727
00:54:23,046 --> 00:54:25,599
In theory, he can do the same thing about databases JSTOR. </ P>

728
00:54:25,955 --> 00:54:27,679
It must be really fine. </ P>

729
00:54:27,916 --> 00:54:33,521
If he, on the other hand, intends to create competitive services to JSTOR,

730
00:54:33,600 --> 00:54:35,887
Like , we will organize ourselves, you know,

731
00:54:36,075 --> 00:54:39,340
access to the Harvard Law Review and charge, you know, money for that,

732
00:54:39,340 --> 00:54:42,632
Then, okay, now it seems like a criminal offense

733
00:54:42,632 --> 00:54:45,044
because you are commercially trying to use this material,

734
00:54:45,044 --> 00:54:48,336
But it's a little crazy to imagine that that's what it's doing.

735
00:54:48,830 --> 00:54:54,196
So, but there is a middle case: well, what if he just tries free it for all developing countries?

736
00:54:54,356 --> 00:54:57,195
But depending on what he does, it creates a very different character

737
00:54:57,195 --> 00:55:00,728
how the law has to think about it.
The government demands it

738
00:55:00,728 --> 00:55:03,666
as if it is a commercial criminal offense,

739
00:55:03,910 --> 00:55:06,853
like stealing a large number of credit card records, that it's a type of crime.

740
00:55:07,001 --> 00:55:10,383
I don't know what he will do with that database,

741
00:55:10,602 --> 00:55:13,845
But I heard from his friend whom Aaron had told him

742
00:55:14,014 --> 00:55:18,615
that he would analyze data for company funding evidence for climate change research

743
00:55:18,736 --> 00:55:24,212
that led to biased results, and I truly believed that. </ p >

744
00:55:25,322 --> 00:55:28,638
I was just told that Steve wanted to talk to me,

745
00:55:29,052 --> 00:55:32,968
and I thought maybe this was the way I could get out of this,

746
00:55:33,442 --> 00:55:35,138
hanya keluar dari situasi,

747
00:55:35,508 --> 00:55:38,197
and I do not want to live in fear because my computer was confiscated.

748
00:55:38,579 --> 00:55:42,889
I do not want to live in fear of being imprisoned for insulting court demands

749
00:55:42,889 --> 00:55:46,661
if they try to force me to decrypt my computer.

750
00:55:47,146 --> 00:55:50,546
When they came to me and said, "Steve wants to talk to you,"

751
00:55:50,725 --> 00:55:52,856
that seems reasonable

752
00:55:53,209 --> 00:55:57,649
They offer Norton what is known as letter "Queen for the Day" or an offer.

753
00:55:57,796 --> 00:56:00,822
This allows the prosecutor to ask questions about Aaron's case.

754
00:56:01,131 --> 00:56:03,854
Norton will be given immunity from prosecution himself,

755
00:56:04,137 --> 00:56:06,564
for whatever information he revealed at the meeting.

756
00:56:06,787 --> 00:56:09,700
I didn't like it.
I repeatedly told my lawyer

757
00:56:09,923 --> 00:56:13,972
that I don't... this looks suspicious, I don't like this, I don't want immunity,

758
00:56:14,211 --> 00:56:16,325
I don't need immunity, I don't do anything,

759
00:56:16,566 --> 00:56:19,008
But they are right really so tight that there are -

760
00:56:19,172 --> 00:56:21,898
they don't want me to meet with an immunity-free prosecutor.

761
00:56:22,144 --> 00:56:24,822
[Interviewer] But to be clear, this is the "Queen For A Day" deal, a offer.

762
00:56:24,822 --> 00:56:26,485
Correct, cover letter.

763
00:56:26,485 --> 00:56:30,350
- Where you basically submit information to them in exchange for protection from prosecution.

764
00:56:30,432 --> 00:56:35,713
-So, it does not submit information.
That - at least that's not what I saw -

765
00:56:35,944 --> 00:56:38,298
was just discussing, conducting interviews with them.

766
00:56:38,329 --> 00:56:40,979
-Yah, mereka mengajukan pertanyaan ...
-Mereka bertanya padaku.

767
00:56:41,030 --> 00:56:43,043
-and they can ask about whatever they want...
-Right.

768
00:56:43,043 --> 00:56:45,565
- and whatever they learn...
-I really... .

769
00:56:45,737 --> 00:56:49,983
-They can't ask you to be tried
- Right, and I repeatedly try to get naked.

770
00:56:50,384 --> 00:56:53,448
I repeatedly - I repeatedly tried to reject the cover letter.

771
00:56:53,837 --> 00:56:56,640
I am sick
I am pressured by my lawyer.

772
00:56:56,864 --> 00:56:59,723
I am confused.
I did not do well at this time.

773
00:57:02,582 --> 00:57:05,442
I am I was depressed, and I was afraid, and I did not understand the situation in which I was.

774
00:57:05,855 --> 00:57:08,960
I do not know why I am in this situation.

775
00:57:09,329 --> 00:57:13,192
I did not do anything interesting, let alone wrong.

776
00:57:13,496 --> 00:57:15,365
We are out of our minds.

777
00:57:15,719 --> 00:57:19,280
Aaron is obviously very confused about that.
We are very confused about that.

778
00:57:19,361 --> 00:57:21,203
Aaron's lawyer was very confused about that.

779
00:57:21,414 --> 00:57:23,584
We tried to get Quinn to change the attorney.

780
00:57:23,997 --> 00:57:28,304
I was very unused to be in a room with a big, well-armed man,

781
00:57:28,304 --> 00:57:33,214
who kept saying that I was lying, and that I must have done something.

782
00:57:33,566 --> 00:57:36,871
I told them this was a prosecutor

783
00:57:37,177 --> 00:57:39,730
not a crime </ p >

784
00:57:40,763 --> 00:57:43,499
I told them that they were on the wrong side of history.

785
00:57:43,714 --> 00:57:47,262
I used that phrase.
I said, "You are on the wrong side of history." </ p >

786
00:57:47,352 --> 00:57:52,297
And they looked bored.
They didn't even look angry.
They just looked bored,

787
00:57:52,460 --> 00:57:57,610
and it began to occur to me that we didn't have the same conversation.

788
00:57:57,610 --> 00:58:02,140
I mean, I told them a lot about, you know, why people download journal articles,

789
00:58:02,140 --> 00:58:05,973
and finally - I don't remember what's around -

790
00:58:05,973 --> 00:58:12,258
I mentioned that he had done this blog post, "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto".

791
00:58:12,749 --> 00:58:16,130
This is the "Guerrilla Open Access Manifesto",

792
00:58:16,496 --> 00:58:20,032
supposedly written in July 2008 in Italy.

793
00:58:20,673 --> 00:58:24,827
"Information is power. But like all forces, there are people who want to keep it for themselves."

794
00:58:25,276 --> 00:58:30,149
"The entire scientific and cultural heritage of the world,
was published for centuries in books and journals,

795
00:58:30,149 --> 00:58:33,634
are increasingly digitized and locked by a handful of private companies. "

796
00:58:34,407 --> 00:58:38,320
" Meanwhile, those who have been locked don't stand still. "

797
00:58:38,408 --> 00:58:41,087
" You have sneak through the hole and climb the fence,

798
00:58:41,087 --> 00:58:44,633
free the information that is locked up by the publisher and share it with your friends. "

799
00:58:44,814 --> 00:58:47,812
" But all these actions continue in the darkness, hidden underground. "

800
00:58:48,088 --> 00:58:51,253
" This is called stealing or piracy, as if sharing that wealth of knowledge

801
00:58:51,253 --> 00:58:54,661
" moral equivalents plunder ships and kill crew. "

802
00:58:54,931 --> 00:58:57,449
" But sharing is immoral - this is a moral order. "

803
00:58:57,666 --> 00:59:01,248
" Only those who are blinded by greed refuse to let their friends make copies. "

804
00:59:01,719 --> 00:59:04,356
" There is no justice because it follows an unjust law. "

805
00:59:04,717 --> 00:59:08,413
" It is time to enter into the light and, in the great tradition of civil disobedience,

806
00:59:08,639 --> 00:59:11,710
expressed our rejection of the theft of this private public culture. "

807
00:59:12,645 --> 00:59:18,572
The manifest itself is allegedly written by four different people, and also edited by Norton.

808
00:59:18,572 --> 00:59:21,603
But Swartz has signed his name for it.

809
00:59:21,964 --> 00:59:28,395
After finishing, I went straight to Aaron and told him everything I remembered about it,

810
00:59:29,104 --> 00:59:32,411
and he became very angry

811
00:59:34,502 --> 00:59:37,669
and he became very angry

812
00:59:40,078 --> 00:59:45,366
p>

813
00:59:47,257 --> 00:59:49,639
The things I have done should not be added like that.

814
00:59:57,302 --> 01:00:00,162
I did not make a mistake, and everything was wrong,

815
01:00:00,789 --> 01:00:06,610
but I never...

816
01:00:06,610 --> 01:00:09,325
p>

817
01:00:09,325 --> 01:00:13,591
I'm still angry

818
01:00:15,210 --> 01:00:19,297
I'm still angry because you can try your best with these people to do the right thing,

819
01:00:19,991 --> 01:00:23,495
and they will change everything against you.

820
01:00:23,641 --> 01:00:25,947
And they will hurt you with whatever they can.

821
01:00:26,175 --> 01:00:28,012
That we are fine with the justice system,

822
01:00:28,012 --> 01:00:32,080
a system that tries to make game people become small traps so that it can destroy our lives.

823
01:00:33,080 --> 01:00:35,178
So yes, I hope I don't say that.

824
01:00:35,585 --> 01:00:40,812
But I am far, far more angry because this is me.

825
01:00:42,891 --> 01:00:47,505
That this is what we, as humans, think is fine.

826
01:00:48,358 --> 01:00:52,187
They use every method that I think they can think of

827
01:00:52,542 --> 01:00:56,973
so that he provides information that won't help Aaron,

828
01:00:57,257 --> 01:01:00,169
and help prosecute Aaron,

829
01:01:00,584 --> 01:01:07,240
But I think he

830
01:01:08,259 --> 01:01:12,051
The moon passed, because Swartz's friends and family were waiting for the looming indictment.

831
01:01:12,572 --> 01:01:17,142
Meanwhile, Swartz became a go-to expert on a series of internet problems.

832
01:01:17,142 --> 01:01:19,826
[RT Interviewer]... the question to you later: Do you think the internet is something?

833
01:01:19,826 --> 01:01:25,166
that must be considered as a human right, and something that the government cannot take from you?

834
01:01:25,436 --> 01:01:30,454
Yes, of course, I mean the notion that national security is the reason to turn off the internet,

835
01:01:30,576 --> 01:01:34,017
That's what we heard in Egypt and Syria and all these other countries,

836
01:01:34,017 --> 01:01:38,679
and so, it's true, sites like WikiLeaks will put up some embarrassing material

837
01:01:38,728 --> 01:01:42,553
about what the US government is doing, and people will arrange to protest it,

838
01:01:42,553 --> 01:01:45,661
and try and change their government.
You know, and that's good,

839
01:01:45,661 --> 01:01:50,290
That's what all the First Amendment Rights on freedom of expression, about freedom of association,

840
01:01:50,308 --> 01:01:55,134
and therefore the idea that we should try and close it which I think is contrary to the very basic American principle.

841
01:01:55,238 --> 01:01:58,133
A principle, in my opinion, is one that is definitely understood by our Founding Father.

842
01:01:58,200 --> 01:02:00,128
If the internet already exists at that time,

843
01:02:00,128 --> 01:02:03,265
instead of placing a "post office" in the Constitution, they will enter "ISP".

844
01:02:03,350 --> 01:02:05,901
[RT interviewer ] Well, it's definitely interesting to see how far...

845
01:02:05,965 --> 01:02:10,566
Swartz meets activist Taren Stinebrickner-Kauffman, and both start dating. </ P>

846
01:02:10,676 --> 01:02:12,599
[Aaron] We need global public protest big.

847
01:02:12,648 --> 01:02:15,165
[Taren] If there is no massive global public outcry, it will not cause any changes.

848
01:02:15,290 --> 01:02:18,541
-You know, four people in this city must cause public anger large global.

849
01:02:18,701 --> 01:02:21,952
-You know, we need a petition petition.

850
01:02:22,350 --> 01:02:25,809
Without telling specifically, he warned him that he was involved in something

851
01:02:25,809 --> 01:02:27,608
he only called "The Bad Thing".

852
01:02:27,903 --> 01:02:33,039
>

853
01:02:33,089 --> 01:02:37,890
And I have some kind of crazy theory, like, that he was having an affair with Elizabeth Warren or something.

854
01:02:38,284 --> 01:02:41,410
I speculated both Hillary Clinton and Elizabeth Warren, actually, but...

855
01:02:41,814 --> 01:02:47,433
So, sometimes at the end of July, Aaron calls me,

856
01:02:47,433 --> 01:02:49,831
and I happen to pick up, and he says, "Bad Bad" might be on the news tomorrow. </ P>

857
01:02:49,831 --> 01:02:52,453
Do you want me to give know you, or do you want to read it on the news? "

858
01:02:53,433 --> 01:02:58,472
And I said," Well, I want you to tell me. "

859
01:02:58,490 --> 01:03:03,419
to download too many academic journal articles, and they want to make an example from me. "

860
01:03:04,329 --> 01:03:11,163
And I'm like," Is that it? Is that a big commotion? Is it true? That doesn't sound like a huge problem. "</ P>

861
01:03:11,225 --> 01:03:17,283
On July 14, 2011, the federal prosecutor charged Swartz with four criminal charges. </ P>

862
01:03:17,482 --> 01:03:24,174
He was charged the same day that two people in England which is part of LulzSec is captured,

863
01:03:24,634 --> 01:03:30,135
and some other real hackers.
And Aaron is just someone who is somewhat like a hacker,

864
01:03:30,354 --> 01:03:34,917
enough that they can, you know, put his head on the pole and put it on the gate.

865
01:03:35,022 --> 01:03:37,882
Aaron went to surrender, and they caught him.

866
01:03:38,248 --> 01:03:41,990
They then stripped him looking for him,

867
01:03:42,548 --> 01:03:48,243
took his shoelace, took his belt, and leave it in isolation cell.

868
01:03:50,475 --> 01:03:54,247
The United States Massachusetts District Prosecutor's Office issued a statement

869
01:03:54,589 --> 01:03:57,832
saying, "Swartz faces a 35-year sentence,

870
01:03:54,053 --> 01:04:00,940
to be followed by three years of supervised release,

871
01:04:01,139 --> 01:04:05,002
restitution, confiscation and fine of up to one million dollars. "

872
01:04:06,786 --> 01:04:09,370
He was released with a guarantee of one hundred thousand dollars.

873
01:04:09,420 --> 01:04:12,330
On the same day, the main victim in this case, JSTOR, </ p >

874
01:04:12,738 --> 01:04:17,769
officially dropped all charges against Swartz, and refused to continue the case.

875
01:04:18,139 --> 01:04:21,575
JSTOR - they are not our friends;
they are not helpful or friendly to us,

876
01:04:21,575 --> 01:04:25,595
But they also just like, "We are not part of this."

877
01:04:25,675 --> 01:04:30,490
JSTOR, and its parent company, ITHAKA, also ruled out requests to speak with this film.

878
01:04:30,868 --> 01:04:33,524
But at that time , they issued a statement saying,

879
01:04:33,718 --> 01:04:37,696
"The government's decision on whether to sue, not the JSTOR task."

880
01:04:38,497 --> 01:04:42,688
So, our belief that, with that, the case will end.

881
01:04:43,189 --> 01:04:48,230
That we should be able to make Steve Heymann drop this case, or solve it in a rational way.

882
01:04:48,654 --> 01:04:50,762
And the government refuses.

883
01:04:51,149 --> 01:04:52,856
[Narrator] Why?

884
01:04:55,808 --> 01:04:58,055
Well, because I think they want to make an example from Aaron,

885
01:04:58,369 --> 01:05:01,337
and they say they want - the reason why they don't want

886
01:05:01,538 --> 01:05:05,644
Move to demand a prison sentence and a prison sentence

887
01:05:05,849 --> 01:05:13,255
is that they want to use this case as case for prevention.
They say that to us.

888
01:05:13,255 --> 01:05:15,199
[Interviewer] They say that?
- Yes.

889
01:05:15,320 --> 01:05:17,177
-This will be an example?
-Yes.

890
01:05:17,263 --> 01:05:19,730
-He will be used as an example?
- Yes.

891
01:05:20,145 --> 01:05:21,857
Steve Heymann said that.

892
01:05:22,170 --> 01:05:26,477
Whose deterring?
There are other people out there running into JSTOR,

893
01:05:26,679 --> 01:05:30,167
and downloading articles to make political statements ?
I mean, who are they rejecting?

894
01:05:30,374 --> 01:05:34,551
It will be easier to understand the Obama administration

895
01:05:34,597 --> 01:05:37,520
the posture that is supposed to be for prevention

896
01:05:37,771 --> 01:05:40,756
if this is administration which, for example,

897
01:05:40,845 --> 01:05:43,601
is claimed to be arguably the biggest economic crime

898
01:05:43,645 --> 01:05:45,527
that this country has seen in the past hundred years.

899
01:05:45,527 --> 01:05:49,630
The crimes committed caused a financial crisis on Wall Street.

900
01:05:50,101 --> 01:05:52,140
When you start applying

901
01:05:52,452 --> 01:05:56,329
Non-controversial antidote ideas

902
01:05:56,513 --> 01:05:58,254
are only selective

903
01:05:58,455 --> 01:06:01,909
You stop making a lawlessness analysis that impartial

904
01:06:02,128 --> 01:06:06,663
and you begin to decide to use law enforcement resources

905
01:06:06,902 --> 01:06:10,223
especially on the basis of political ideology,

906
01:06:10,410 --> 01:06:14,859
and it is not only undemocratic, it should not be American.

907
01:06:19,319 --> 01:06:24,382
Prosecutor Stephen Heymann later reportedly told an outside advisor to MIT

908
01:06:24,596 --> 01:06:27,317
that the straw that broke the camel back

909
01:06:27,317 --> 01:06:31,467
was a press release sent by an organization founded by Swartz called "Progress Requests ".

910
01:06:31,633 --> 01:06:35,853
According to the MIT account, Heymann reacted to a brief support statement,

911
01:06:36,050 --> 01:06:40,036
called it a" wild internet campaign "and" stupid step "

912
01:06:40,036 --> 01:06:44,326
that moved the case from level one to one to the institutional level.

913
01:06:44,486 --> 01:06:48,646
That is a toxic combination: prosecutors who don't want to lose face,

914
01:06:48,772 --> 01:06:53,464
Those who have political careers are offing, maybe, and don't want this to come back and haunt them.

915
01:06:53,617 --> 01:06:57,747
You spend how much tax money that catches someone for taking out too many books from the library, </ p >

916
01:06:58,019 --> 01:07:01,469
and then bring your ass to court?
No way!

917
01:07:01,615 --> 01:07:05,839
I then moved to try to put as much pressure on MIT in various ways to get it

918
01:07:05,980 --> 01:07:10,739
to go to government, and asks the government to stop the prosecution.

919
01:07:11,472 --> 01:07:14,528
[Interviewer] What is MIT's reaction to that?

920
01:07:14,704 --> 01:07:19,304
There seems to be no reaction from MIT at that time.

921
01:07:23,131 --> 01:07:25,931
MIT doesn't defend Aaron

922
01:07:26,273 --> 01:07:30,583
which, for people in the MIT community, seems outrageous,

923
01:07:30,737 --> 01:07:35,667
karena MIT adalah tempat yang mendorong hacking dalam arti kata yang paling besar.

924
01:07:35,956 --> 01:07:41,126
At MIT, the idea of walking on roofs and tunnels that you are not allowed to enter

925
01:07:41,318 --> 01:07:46,538
Not just a travel rite, it is part of the MIT tour,

926
01:07:46,971 --> 01:07:51,071
and lockpicking is winter courses at MIT.

927
01:07:51,353 --> 01:07:55,753
They have the moral authority to stop it.

928
01:07:56,233 --> 01:08:02,073
MIT never stood up and took a position to tell the Fed, "Don't do this."

929
01:08:02,221 --> 01:08:06,407
"We don't want you to do this, you're too much, it's too strong."

930
01:08:06,407 --> 01:08:08,940
... which I realize.

931
01:08:09,104 --> 01:08:14,474
They act like other corporations. > They sort of - they help the government,

932
01:08:14,706 --> 01:08:21,106
they don't help us, unless they feel they have to do it, and they never try to stop it. </ P>

933
01:08:22,547 --> 01:08:25,840
MIT rejects repeated requests to comment,

934
01:08:26,090 --> 01:08:30,380
but they later released a report saying that they were trying to maintain a neutrality position,

935
01:08:30,577 --> 01:08:36,076
and Heymann's trust and the U.S. Prosecutor's office. no matter what MIT thinks or says about this case.

936
01:08:36,252 --> 01:08:41,882
MIT's behavior seems very contrary to MIT's ethos.

937
01:08:42,168 --> 01:08:47,198
You can argue that MIT closed its eyes, and it's OK to do it ,

938
01:08:47,389 --> 01:08:52,599
But taking that attitude - taking that neutral attitude, in and of itself - taking a pro-prosecutor's attitude.

939
01:08:52,846 --> 01:08:55,831
If you see Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak,

940
01:08:55,831 --> 01:09:01,451
they started by selling the Blue Box, which was designed to deceive the telephone company.

941
01:09:01,628 --> 01:09:04,861
If you saw Bill Gates and Paul Allen,

942
01:09:05,150 --> 01:09:08,850
they initially started their business using computer time at Harvard,

943
01:09:09,011 --> 01:09:11,441
is quite clear against regulations.

944
01:09:11,602 --> 01:09:13,762
The difference between Aaron and the people I just mentioned

945
01:09:13,762 --> 01:09:17,952
is that Aaron wants to make the world a better place, he doesn't just want to make money.

946
01:09:18,985 --> 01:09:23,151
Swartz continues blatantly on various internet issues.

947
01:09:23,624 --> 01:09:28,869
You know, the reason the internet works is because of the competitive idea market,

948
01:09:29,001 --> 01:09:33,068
and what we need to focus on is getting more information about our government, more accessibility,

949
01:09:33,068 --> 01:09:38,484
more discussion, more debate, but it seems like the focus of the congress is to close everything.

950
01:09:38,970 --> 01:09:44,320
Aaron thinks he can change the world just by explaining the world very clearly to people.

951
01:09:44,638 --> 01:09:48,728
[RT Interviewer] Flame can really control your computer, and make him spy on you.

952
01:09:49,149 --> 01:09:52,519
Welcome, Aaron.
It's nice to take you back to the show here.

953
01:09:52,519 --> 01:09:56,909
You know, like a spy who used to be in the old days, put up a microphone and touch what people say ,

954
01:09:56,975 --> 01:09:59,735
now they use computers to do the same thing.

955
01:09:59,807 --> 01:10:01,896
[Narrator] Swartz's political activity continues,

956
01:10:01,936 --> 01:10:06,676
His attention turns to a law that moves through Congress designed to curb piracy online. </ P>

957
01:10:06,865 --> 01:10:08,709
It's called "SOPA". </ P>

958
01:10:09,054 --> 01:10:13,174
Activists like Peter Eckersley see it as a very large outreach,

959
01:10:13,264 --> 01:10:16,254
threaten the technical integrity of the internet itself.

960
01:10:16,351 --> 01:10:18,791
[Ekersley] And one of the first things I did was call Aaron.

961
01:10:18,829 --> 01:10:22,359
And I said, "Can we do a big online campaign against this?" </ p >

962
01:10:22,432 --> 01:10:24,982
"This is not a copyright bill."

963
01:10:25,136 --> 01:10:26,576
"This isn't it?"

964
01:10:26,658 --> 01:10:30,408
"No," he said, "this is a bill about the freedom to connect."

965
01:10:30,815 --> 01:10:32,475
Now I'm listening.

966
01:10:32,703 --> 01:10:36,113
And he thought about it for a while, then said, "Yes." </ P>

967
01:10:36,282 --> 01:10:38,752
And he went and set up a Progress Request. </ P>

968
01:10:38,838 --> 01:10:44,184
Request for Progress is an online activism organization, we have about one million and a half members now,

969
01:10:44,184 --> 01:10:47,231
but started in the fall of 2010.

970
01:10:47,422 --> 01:10:50,612
Aaron is one of the most prominent public figures

971
01:10:50,692 --> 01:10:55,780
who helped lead the organization around the issue of social justice at the federal level in this country.

972
01:10:55,930 --> 01:11:01,424
SOPA is a bill intended to limit online piracy of music and movies,

973
01:11:01,543 --> 01:11:06,993
But what it does basically brings a hammer to a problem that requires a scalpel.

974
01:11:07,161 --> 01:11:13,368
If passed, the law allows companies to deduct finance across websites without due process,

975
01:11:13,594 --> 01:11:16,834
or even force Google to exclude their links.

976
01:11:16,834 --> 01:11:21,173
All they need is one claims of copyright infringement.

977
01:11:21,173 --> 01:11:27,180
This pits traditional media titans against new remix cultures and is now much more sophisticated.

978
01:11:27,270 --> 01:11:30,490
It makes everyone who manages the website become a police officer,

979
01:11:30,687 --> 01:11:34,167
and if they don't do their job to ensure that no one on their site uses it for anything

980
01:11:34,299 --> 01:11:38,799
It's even potentially illegal, the entire site can be closed even without trial.

981
01:11:38,958 --> 01:11:43,728
This is above, I mean, this is a disaster. </ P>

982
01:11:43,941 --> 01:11:51,687
RUU ini menimbulkan ancaman serius terhadap pidato dan kebebasan sipil bagi semua orang yang menggunakan internet.

983
01:11:51,922 --> 01:11:55,614
There are only a handful of us who say, "Look, we're not for piracy either,

984
01:11:55,914 --> 01:12:00,517
but it doesn't make sense to destroy the internet architecture,

985
01:12:00,517 --> 01:12:05,557
domain name systems and so many make it free and open in the name of combat battles,

986
01:12:05,922 --> 01:12:08,022
and Aaron immediately get it.

987
01:12:08,117 --> 01:12:11,977
Freedom, guaranteed in our Constitution, freedom of our country has been built on

988
01:12:12,057 --> 01:12:14,497
will suddenly erased

989
01:12:14,679 --> 01:12:18,779
New technology, instead of bringing us greater freedom, will eliminate basic rights

990
01:12:18,821 --> 01:12:21,382
we always take it for granted.

991
01:12:21,492 --> 01:12:27,260
And I realized that day, talking to Peter, that I couldn't let that happen. </ P>

992
01:12:28,483 --> 01:12:33,508
Saat SOPA diperkenalkan pada bulan Oktober 2011, hal itu dianggap tak terelakkan.

993
01:12:33,715 --> 01:12:37,617
Our strategy, when I first came out, was to hopefully slow down the bill,

994
01:12:37,617 --> 01:12:41,797
It might weaken it a little but, even we

995
01:12:41,797 --> 01:12:44,828
don't think that we can stop this bill.

996
01:12:46,230 --> 01:12:52,025
p>

997
01:12:52,250 --> 01:12:57,822
After working in Washington, what you have learned is that, usually in Washington,

998
01:12:58,220 --> 01:13:02,223
legislative fighting is a fight between various monied corporate interests.

999
01:13:02,693 --> 01:13:07,143
They all argue to issue the law, and the closest fight

1000
01:13:07,363 --> 01:13:11,264
is when you have a set of corporate interests against a range of other corporate interests,

1001
01:13:11,437 --> 01:13:13,269
and they are financially equally matched in terms of campaign contributions and lobby.

1002
01:13:13,351 --> 01:13:16,413
That is the closest one.

1003
01:13:16,413 --> 01:13:20,676
where all the money is on one side, all companies are on one side,

1004
01:13:20,691 --> 01:13:23,603
and that is only millions of people on the other side.

1005
01:13:25,257 --> 01:13:30,369
I have never seen anything like PIPA and SOPA all my time in public service.

1006
01:13:30,676 --> 01:13:36,587
There are more than forty US senators regarding the bill as co-sponsors,

1007
01:13:36,860 --> 01:13:40,534
so they have been on a long journey

1008
01:13:40,534 --> 01:13:43,968
Sixty votes to erase all procedural bends. </ P>

1009
01:13:44,456 --> 01:13:47,603
Even I began to doubt myself.
It was a difficult period. </ P>

1010
01:13:48,112 --> 01:13:53,381
Progress Swartz and Demand were able to gather a lot of support by using traditional outreach,

1011
01:13:53,605 --> 01:13:59,267
is combined with commonly used IP overrides, to make it easier for people to call Congress.

1012
01:14:00,011 --> 01:14:03,847
I have never met anyone else who can operate on its level

1013
01:14:03,847 --> 01:14:07,985
both on the technology side and on the promotion strategy side.

1014
01:14:08,867 --> 01:14:12,669
Millions of people contacted Congress and signed the anti-SOPA petition.

1015
01:14:12,948 --> 01:14:14,922
Congress was caught.

1016
01:14:15,251 --> 01:14:20,233
There something about watching Congress debate members who don't understand that,

1017
01:14:20,478 --> 01:14:22,897
Seeing them insisting they can manage the internet,

1018
01:14:23,070 --> 01:14:25,248
and a bunch of nerds can't stop it.

1019
01:14:25,248 --> 01:14:26,390
I'm not a bookworm.

1020
01:14:26,621 --> 01:14:28,084
I'm just not enough nerds...

1021
01:14:28,398 --> 01:14:31,120
Maybe we should ask some nerds what this really is.
[laughter] </ p >

1022
01:14:31,120 --> 01:14:33,413
Let's hear, bring nerds...

1023
01:14:33,413 --> 01:14:35,890
[laughter]

1024
01:14:35,890 --> 01:14:37,689
Very?

1025
01:14:37,719 --> 01:14:40,101
[laughter]

1030
01:14:47,275 --> 01:14:51,625
to enlighten you so that your law does not backfire [audience laughter and applause]

1031
01:14:51,625 --> 01:14:53,568
and internet pause.

1032
01:14:53,714 --> 01:14:57,033
We use the term "geek" but we are allowed to use it because we are weird people.

1033
01:14:57,329 --> 01:15:01,521
The fact that it got that far, without them talking to any technical expert,

1034
01:15:01,905 --> 01:15:04,839
reflects reality that there is a problem in this city.

1035
01:15:05,198 --> 01:15:12,138
I am looking for someone to come before this body, and testify in a trial and say, "This is why they are wrong."

1036
01:15:52,039 --> 01:15:15,421
There used to be an office that provided science and technology advice,

1037
01:15:15,741 --> 01:15:19,208
and members can come to them and say, "Help me understand X, Y, Z."

1038
01:15:19,208 --> 01:15:22,375
And Gingrich killed him.
He said that a waste of money.

1040
01:15:26,529 --> 01:15:29,554
I don't think anyone thinks SOPA can be beaten, including Aaron.

1041
01:15:30,464 --> 01:15:34,113
It's worth a try, but it seems like it can't be won,

1042
01:15:34,810 --> 01:15:38,653
and I remember, maybe a few months later, I remember he just turned to me and became like,

1047
01:15:50,747 --> 01:15:54,902
tens of thousands of users switched their domain names in protest.

1048
01:15:55,272 --> 01:16:00,084
Within a week, The humble Go Daddy reverses their position at SOPA. </ P>

1049
01:16:00,376 --> 01:16:05,962
When congresses support the recording and film industries,

1050
01:16:06,383 --> 01:16:10,707
realize that there is a backlash, they reduce the bill a bit.

1051
01:16:10,879 --> 01:16:16,081
You can see the curve.
You can see that our argument starts to resonate.

1052
01:16:16,357 --> 01:16:19,034
It feels like Aaron has hit a match and blown it out,

1053
01:16:19,034 --> 01:16:21,055
attacked the other, and it exploded,

1054
01:16:21,055 --> 01:16:24,645
and finally he managed to catch quite a lot of firewood that was actually caught,

1055
01:16:24,692 --> 01:16:27,590
and then turned into this roaring fire.

1056
01:16:27,820 --> 01:16:31,743
On January 16, 2012, the White House issued a statement

1057
01:16:31,743 --> 01:16:34,326
saying they did not support the bill.

1058
01:16:34,348 --> 01:16:36,603
And then this happened:

1059
01:16:36,662 --> 01:16:40,202
I really believe that we have to deal with the issue of piracy,

1060
01:16:40,202 --> 01:16:44,745
and we have to deal with them seriously, but this bill isn't the right bill.

1061
01:16:44,924 --> 01:16:48,965
When Jimmy Wales put his support for blackouts on Wikipedia,

1062
01:16:49,337 --> 01:16:52,520
number five most popular site in the world,

1063
01:16:52,849 --> 01:16:58,789
this is a website that seven percent of all clicks anywhere on the internet.

1064
01:16:58,880 --> 01:17:00,089
Wikipedia is black.

1065
01:17:00,165 --> 01:17:01,141
>

1066
01:17:01,233 --> 01:17:03,221
Reddit goes black.

1067
01:17:03,340 --> 01:17:06,050
Craigslist goes black.

1068
01:17:06,179 --> 01:17:10,295
The telephone line on Capitol Hill is flat melting.

1069
01:17:10,815 --> 01:17:13,927
that they promoted just a few days ago.

1070
01:17:14,106 --> 01:17:17,698
Within 24 hours, the number of SOPA opponents in Congress

1071
01:17:17,853 --> 01:17:19,215
left this...

1072
01:17:19,457 --> 01:17:22,591
for this.

1073
01:17:22,796 --> 01:17:29,815
To see congressmen and senators slowly flipping through the day a power outage

1074
01:17:30,051 --> 01:17:31,825
is quite extraordinary.

1075
01:17:32,175 --> 01:17:35,210
There are like a hundred representative swings.

1076
01:17:35,378 --> 01:17:38,746
p>

1077
01:17:38,924 --> 01:17:40,756
And that's when, just as difficult for me to believe, after all this,

1078
01:17:41,049 --> 01:17:43,210
we have won

1079
01:17:43,459 --> 01:17:46,486
The thing that everyone says is impossible,

1080
01:17:46,779 --> 01:17:48,697
that some of the biggest companies in the world have written as a kind of piping,

1081
01:17:49,142 --> 01:17:50,467
has happened.

1082
01:17:50,933 --> 01:17:52,689
We succeed.

1083
01:17:55,945 --> 01:17:58,781
We win.

1084
01:17:59,081 --> 01:18:04,069
The things we hear from people in Washington, DC, from the staff on Capitol Hill are:

1085
01:18:04,478 --> 01:18:08,664
they receive more emails and more phone calls on SOPA Blackout Day

1086
01:18:08,908 --> 01:18:11,080
than they have ever received about anything.

1087
01:18:11,317 --> 01:18:13,224
I think it's a very exciting moment.

1088
01:18:13,397 --> 01:18:17,640
This is the time when the internet develops, politically.

1089
01:18:17,934 --> 01:18:21,463
It's very exciting because it's hard to believe that it really happened. </ P>

1090
01:18:21,658 --> 01:18:25,365
It's hard to believe a bill with so much financial power behind it

1091
01:18:25,679 --> 01:18:29,157
doesn't just sail through Congress. </ P>

1092
01:18:29,541 --> 01:18:32,167
And not only does it sail, it doesn't pass at all. </ P>

1093
01:18:34,153 --> 01:18:36,669
Sometimes it's easy to feel helpless,

1094
01:18:36,669 --> 01:18:40,524
like when you go out on the street and you line up and you scream and nobody hears you .

1095
01:18:40,889 --> 01:18:43,568
But I'm here to tell you today, you're strong.

1096
01:18:43,568 --> 01:18:46,295
[Crowd cheers]

1097
01:18:46,295 --> 01:18:50,936
So, yes, maybe sometimes you don't feel heard, but I'm here for tell you that you are right.

1098
01:18:50,976 --> 01:18:53,400
You are being listened to.
You make a difference.

1099
01:18:53,588 --> 01:18:56,992
You can stop this bill if you don't stop fighting.

1100
01:18:57,132 --> 01:18:59,974
[Crowd cheers]

1101
01:19:00,049 --> 01:19:01,170
Stop PIPE.

1102
01:19:01,170 --> 01:19:02,916
Stop SOPA.

1104
01:19:04,182 --> 01:19:07,648
Some of the biggest internet companies, honestly, will benefit

1105
01:19:07,648 --> 01:19:11,219
from a world where their small competitors can be censored.

1106
01:19:12,519 --> 01:19:15,106
We can't let that happen.

1108
01:19:19,612 --> 01:19:23,271
rather than playing a small role in a big change.

1109
01:19:23,708 --> 01:19:28,187
But SOPA is like plays a major role in major changes,

1110
01:19:28,187 --> 01:19:30,753
And for him, that is some kind of proof of this concept

1111
01:19:30,753 --> 01:19:35,069
Like, "Okay, what I want to do with my life is to change the world."

1112
01:19:35,326 --> 01:19:39,471
"I think about it in a scientific way to measure my impact,

1113
01:19:39,725 --> 01:19:42,813
and this shows that it's possible. "

1114
01:19:43,081 --> 01:19:45,810
" The thing I want to do with my life is possible. "

1115
01:19:46,078 --> 01:19:48,763
" I have proven that I can do it,

1116
01:19:48,763 --> 01:19:50,999
that I am, Aaron Swartz can change the world. "</ P>

1117
01:19:51,090 --> 01:19:57,516
For a man who has never really thought he has done many things - which is Aaron -

1118
01:19:59,161 --> 01:20:04,115
is one of the few moments where you can really see

1119
01:20:04,115 --> 01:20:06,769
that he feels he has done something good,

1120
01:20:06,994 --> 01:20:11,836
feels like here is maybe one and only a round win.

1121
01:20:13,828 --> 01:20:16,060
Everyone says there's no way we can stop SOPA.

1122
01:20:16,194 --> 01:20:17,903
We stop it.

1123
01:20:17,997 --> 01:20:22,576
These are three very good wins, and this year isn't over yet.

1124
01:20:22,747 --> 01:20:26,257
I mean, if there is time to be positive, now.

1125
01:20:26,847 --> 01:20:29,700
You know, he won at SOPA a year after he was arrested.

1126
01:20:29,989 --> 01:20:33,529
This is not a happy time.
There are many things that happen.

1127
01:20:33,813 --> 01:20:40,334
He is so aligned to participate in the political process, you cannot stop it.

1128
01:20:40,576 --> 01:20:44,521
The list of organizations established or founded by Swartz is very large,

1129
01:20:44,831 --> 01:20:48,074
and many years before Edward Snowden would expose extensive internet surveillance,

1130
01:20:48,402 --> 01:20:50,959
Swartz was worried.

1131
01:20:51,240 --> 01:20:55,200
<p p>

1132
01:20:55,404 --> 01:20:59,777
It's surprising to think that accountability is very weak

1133
01:20:59,857 --> 01:21:03,863
And if the answer is: "Oh, we spy on so many people that we can't even count them again"

1134
01:21:04,186 --> 01:21:06,483
then there are lots of people.

1135
01:21:06,811 --> 01:21:10,063
That will be one thing if they say, "Look, we know the number of calls we are going through,

1136
01:21:10,063 --> 01:21:12,953
we don't know exactly how many real people are in line."

1137
01:21:13,050 --> 01:21:15,916
But they just returned and said, "We can't give you a number at all." </ P>

1138
01:21:16,229 --> 01:21:18,644
That's pretty - I mean, it's scary, as is. </ P>

1139
01:21:18,881 --> 01:21:25,502
And they put tremendous pressure on it, taking all the money he has produced.

1140
01:21:25,803 --> 01:21:29,538
They, you know, threaten to release his physical freedom.

1141
01:21:29,937 --> 01:21:33,788
Why do they do it, you know?
I mean, well, why are they chasing a whistleblower?

1142
01:21:34,741 --> 01:21:38,813
You know why they are chasing people who tell the truth

1143
01:21:39,114 --> 01:21:46,122
about all kinds of things, I mean, from banks, wars, just some kind of government transparency.

1144
01:21:46,744 --> 01:21:49,776
So secrecy serves them who are in power,

1145
01:21:50,026 --> 01:21:55,097
and we live in an era of secrecy that coincides with the era where the government did, too,

1146
01:21:55,278 --> 01:21:58,410
many things may be illegal and unconstitutional.

1147
01:21:58,841 --> 01:22:01,941
So , those two things are not coincidences.

1148
01:22:02,154 --> 01:22:04,378
It is very clear that this technology has been developed

1149
01:22:04,731 --> 01:22:10,080
not for small countries abroad, but here, for use in the United States, by the government AS

1150
01:22:10,331 --> 01:22:14,351
The problem with spy programs is this long and slow expansion, you know,

1151
01:22:14,604 --> 01:22:17,124
Return to Nixon administration, right,

1152
01:22:17,319 --> 01:22:20,082
obviously it becomes big after 9/11 under George W. Bush,

1153
01:22:20,316 --> 01:22:23,536
and Obama continues to develop it, and the problem is slowly getting worse and worse,

1154
01:22:24,028 --> 01:22:27,553
But there's never been this time. You can show and say,

1155
01:22:27,701 --> 01:22:31,941
"Okay, we need to double the opposition of the day this is because today is an important moment... "

1156
01:22:32,455 --> 01:22:38,959
The prosecutor, according to my estimation of Aaron Swartz, is about sending a certain laserlike message

1157
01:22:39,363 --> 01:22:45,413
to a group of people whom the Obama administration considers threatening politically,

1158
01:22:47,341 --> 01:22:54,141
and in essence, hackers, information, and democratic activist communities,

1159
01:22:54,447 --> 01:22:59,702
and the message that the Obama administration wants to send to that particular community,

1160
01:22:59,905 --> 01:23:05,113
according I estimate, "We know you have the ability to create problems for the establishment,

1161
01:23:05,335 --> 01:23:08,677
and so we will try to make an example from Aaron Swartz

1162
01:23:08,977 --> 01:23:13,418
to scare as much as you can to not make that problem. "

1163
01:23:13,843 --> 01:23:17,160
And the government says," Oh, the legal opinion we use

1164
01:23:17,382 --> 01:23:20,453
To legalize spy programs is also classified,

1165
01:23:20,786 --> 01:23:23,666
so we can't even tell Which laws do we use to spy on you. "

1166
01:23:24,011 --> 01:23:26,461
You know, every time they can say," Oh, this is another example of cyberwar.

1167
01:23:26,685 --> 01:23:30,201
Cybercriminals attack us again.
We are all in danger.
We are all threatened. "

1168
01:23:30,510 --> 01:23:33,737
They use it as an excuse to encourage more dangerous laws.

1169
01:23:35,563 --> 01:23:40,388
[Interviewer] So just to follow - personally, how do you feel when fighting?

1170
01:23:40,947 --> 01:23:42,404
It's up to you!

1171
01:23:42,404 --> 01:23:46,264
-I know.
It's just that we have to, you know...

1172
01:23:47,800 --> 01:23:52,738
You know, there are two polarization perspectives, right,

1173
01:23:52,936 --> 01:23:57,422
are all great, the internet has created all these freedoms and freedoms, and everything will be fantastic

1174
01:23:57,422 --> 01:23:59,093
or everything is terrible,

1175
01:23:59,093 --> 01:24:01,914
the internet has created all of these tools for cracking down and espionage,

1176
01:24:01,972 --> 01:24:03,762
and controls what we say.

1177
01:24:03,821 --> 01:24:05,700
And the problem is, both are correct, right? </ p >

1178
01:24:05,948 --> 01:24:10,040
The internet has done both, and both are amazing and amazing

1179
01:24:10,386 --> 01:24:13,287
and what will win in the long run is up to us.

1180
01:24:13,443 --> 01:24:17,244
It doesn't make sense to say, "Oh, one better than others. "
You know, both are true.

1181
01:24:17,501 --> 01:24:21,097
And it is up to us which one we emphasize and which one we use

1182
01:24:21,233 --> 01:24:23,600
because they are both there, and they will always be there.

1183
01:24:28,950 --> 01:24:35,010
On September 12, 2012, federal prosecutors filed a superseding indictment against Swartz,

1184
01:24:35,010 --> 01:24:40,170
adding additional amounts of wire fraud, unauthorized access to computers, and computer fraud.

1185
01:24:40,825 --> 01:24:45,557
Now, over instead of four criminal charges, Swartz faced thirteen.

1186
01:24:45,882 --> 01:24:48,835
Prosecutorial leverage increased dramatically,

1187
01:24:49,043 --> 01:24:52,294
as well as the potential time and prison sentence of Swartz.

1188
01:24:52,294 --> 01:24:55,417
They filed charges separate to add more money,

1189
01:24:55,804 --> 01:25:01,526
and they have a theory about why this action is a number of federal crimes,

1190
01:25:01,899 --> 01:25:06,010
and very important sentences can be attached to it under the law. </ p >

1191
01:25:07,331 --> 01:25:10,426
That theory, and most of the prosecutors' case against Swartz

1192
01:25:10,904 --> 01:25:13,862
involves a law that was originally made in 1986.

1193
01:25:14,360 --> 01:25:16,663
This is called "Computer Fraud and Abuse Act".

1194
01:25:16,996 --> 01:25:18,660
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

1195
01:25:18,660 --> 01:25:22,261
Inspired by the movie "War Games" with Matthew Broderick - a great movie.

1196
01:25:22,478 --> 01:25:23,954
[Broderick] I have you now

1197
01:25:23,954 --> 01:25:27,895
In this film, a child gets the ability, through the magic of computer networks

1198
01:25:28,123 --> 01:25:30,456
to launch a nuclear attack. </ P>

1199
01:25:30,551 --> 01:25:33,561
[missile shots]

1200
01:25:33,761 --> 01:25:37,669
You know, it's actually not maybe, and certainly not possible in the 80s

1201
01:25:37,854 --> 01:25:41,954
But apparently this movie is quite frightening for Congress

1202
01:25:42,005 --> 01:25:44,965
passed the original Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

1203
01:25:45,262 --> 01:25:48,711
This is the law right behind the times, for example, punishing

1204
01:25:49,431 --> 01:25:53,995
terms of service such as settings.
You can have something like

1205
01:25:54,103 --> 01:26:01,111
eHarmony or Match.com, and someone reveals their own personal characteristics,

1206
01:26:01,409 --> 01:26:05,255
and suddenly, depending on the jurisdiction and prosecutor,

1207
01:26:05,503 --> 01:26:07,958
they can be in the whole problem.

1208
01:26:08,172 --> 01:26:10,263
We all know what the "Terms of Use" are.

1209
01:26:10,594 --> 01:26:14,214
Most people don't read it, but not according to their terms can mean

1210
01:26:14,438 --> 01:26:16,461
you committed a crime.

1211
01:26:16,727 --> 01:26:19,024
Website service requirements often say things like:

1212
01:26:19,272 --> 01:26:22,492
"Be kind to each other", or "Don't do anything that isn't right." </ P>

1213
01:26:22,789 --> 01:26:27,496
The idea that Criminal Law has something to do with this type of violation,

1214
01:26:27,668 --> 01:26:30,721
I think attacking most people as people crazy.

1215
01:26:30,938 --> 01:26:33,483
The example becomes more "crazy":

1216
01:26:33,864 --> 01:26:39,557
Until that time it was changed in March 2013, the Terms of Use on the Hearst & apos; s Seventeen

1217
01:26:39,884 --> 01:26:43,258
magazine site said that you must be eighteen years old to read it.

1218
01:26:43,327 --> 01:26:46,674
I would say that the CFAA method has been interpreted by the Department of Justice,

1220
01:26:49,589 --> 01:26:54,937
Rarely and prone to abuse, CFAA has become a hammer weighing one size

1221
01:26:55,000 --> 01:26:58,012
for various computer related disputes. </ p >

1222
01:26:58,121 --> 01:27:00,408
Although not the only factor in the case,

1223
01:27:00,576 --> 01:27:04,935
eleven of the thirteen accusations against Swartz involved the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

1224
01:27:07,248 --> 01:27:11,465
"Why?" Questions /> hang up a lot of stories about Aaron Swartz.

1225
01:27:11,815 --> 01:27:16,045
Just what motivates the government, and what is their case?

1226
01:27:16,185 --> 01:27:19,945
The Department of Justice rejects an answer request,

1227
01:27:20,060 --> 01:27:23,660
But Professor Orin Kerr is a former prosecutor who has studied the case. </ P>

1228
01:27:24,084 --> 01:27:28,109
So, I think I faced this case in a different direction from others for a number of reasons:

1229
01:27:28,359 --> 01:27:31,303
I was a federal prosecutor in the Department of Justice for three years

1230
01:27:31,461 --> 01:27:34,191
before I started teaching.
The government advanced

1231
01:27:34,191 --> 01:27:38,463
with charges based on what crimes they thought were committed,

1232
01:27:38,501 --> 01:27:42,176
just as a matter of pure lawyers, seeing precedents, seeing the laws,

1233
01:27:42,505 --> 01:27:45,778
Looking at history, seeing cases that are out there so far,

1234
01:27:45,974 --> 01:27:49,281
I think it's a fair charge based on that.

1235
01:27:49,526 --> 01:27:51,501
You can debate whether they should accuse this case.

1236
01:27:51,806 --> 01:27:56,825
There are only a lot of disputes.
Some people are on the side of Open Access , some people don't.

1237
01:27:57,681 --> 01:28:03,108
I think the government took the Swartz "Guerilla Open Access Manifesto" very seriously,

1238
01:28:04,086 --> 01:28:09,706
and I think they see it as someone who is committed, as a moral command,

1239
01:28:10,059 --> 01:28:15,147
for breaking the law, for overcoming laws that Swartz thinks are unfair,

1240
01:28:15,332 --> 01:28:20,968
and in democracy, if you think the law is unfair, there are ways to change the law.

1241
01:28:21,140 --> 01:28:24,465
There will be a Congress because Swartz is very good at SOPA,

1242
01:28:24,662 --> 01:28:28,441
or you can violate the law by trying to cancel the law,

1243
01:28:28,834 --> 01:28:33,998
and I think what drives prosecution is the feeling that Swartz has committed,

1244
01:28:34,205 --> 01:28:39,691
not only to break the law, but to really ensure that the law is canceled.

1245
01:28:40,006 --> 01:28:43,890
That everyone will have access to the database in a way

1246
01:28:44,054 --> 01:28:47,129
You can't return toothpaste to the tube.

1247
01:28:47,368 --> 01:28:51,199
It will be done, and the Swartz team will win.

1248
01:28:52,815 --> 01:28:56,181
There is a big disagreement in the community, is that unjust law,

1249
01:28:56,470 --> 01:29:00,357
and finally, it is a decision for the American people to make, work through Congress.

1250
01:29:00,621 --> 01:29:03,547
And then the second problem is, I think, we are still trying to find out:

1251
01:29:03,752 --> 01:29:07,706
What the boundary between less serious violations and more serious violations?

1252
01:29:08,027 --> 01:29:12,317
We are now entering the computer environment and misuse of these different computers,

1253
01:29:12,556 --> 01:29:16,840
and we don't have a really strong feeling about what actually these lines are

1254
01:29:17,044 --> 01:29:19,277
because we only work that.

1255
01:29:19,650 --> 01:29:22,392
This is a bad use of prosecution policy.

1256
01:29:22,659 --> 01:29:25,891
Palu that the Ministry of Justice must frighten people

1257
01:29:25,998 --> 01:29:28,700
just becomes bigger and bigger and bigger,

1258
01:29:28,914 --> 01:29:33,111
And that's how most people - you know, you can't throw the dice with your life like that.

1259
01:29:33,340 --> 01:29:35,958
Should we knock someone's phone?
Should we film them?

1260
01:29:36,111 --> 01:29:39,413
Should we turn someone over and make them testify against these other people?

1261
01:29:39,689 --> 01:29:42,366
That's how agents federal and prosecutors think.

1262
01:29:42,528 --> 01:29:44,974
They build cases.
They make a case.

1263
01:29:46,918 --> 01:29:51,452
Swartz is caught in a feud of a brutal criminal justice system that cannot return,

1264
01:29:51,746 --> 01:29:57,193
a machine that has made America the highest level of detention in the world.

1265
01:29:57,571 --> 01:30:02,512
We in this country allow ourselves to be captured by the politics of fear and anger,

1266
01:30:02,905 --> 01:30:07,986
and whatever we fear, like the future of the internet and access,

1267
01:30:08,453 --> 01:30:13,233
and whatever we are angry at, instinctively creates criminal justice interventions,

1268
01:30:13,686 --> 01:30:18,924
dan kami telah menggunakan penjara, penjara, dan hukuman untuk menyelesaikan keseluruhan masalah

1269
01:30:19,220 --> 01:30:23,007
That, historically, has never been seen as a criminal justice problem.

1270
01:30:23,223 --> 01:30:28,583
The urge to threaten, accuse, prosecute, which is part of what

1271
01:30:28,792 --> 01:30:32,138
has created debate and controversy regarding access online and information on the internet,

1272
01:30:32,953 --> 01:30:35,706
is very consistent with what we have seen in other areas.

1273
01:30:35,928 --> 01:30:39,960
One of the differences is that people are usually targeted and victimized

1274
01:30:40,327 --> 01:30:45,901
With this kind of criminal and carceral response usually bad and minority. </ P>

1275
01:30:47,747 --> 01:30:50,860
Swartz isolation from friends and family increases. </ P>

1276
01:30:51,222 --> 01:30:53,503
He basically stops doing other things,

1277
01:30:53,548 --> 01:30:57,283
and this case, actually, took over his whole life.

1278
01:30:57,296 --> 01:31:02,457
One of Aaron's lawyers apparently told the prosecutor that he was very vulnerable to emotions,

1279
01:31:03,220 --> 01:31:07,333
and that is something they really need to remember so they know that.

1280
01:31:07,333 --> 01:31:09,578
It weighs heavily on him.

1281
01:31:09,820 --> 01:31:14,877
He does not like to do his actions and his movements are limited in any way ,

1282
01:31:15,754 --> 01:31:20,902
and the threat of imprisonment, which they beat him with a lot,

1283
01:31:21,919 --> 01:31:23,931
Very frightening for him.

1284
01:31:23,931 --> 01:31:26,540
Really ran out of financial resouces,

1285
01:31:26,540 --> 01:31:32,178
and the price is expensive, and he collects a large amount of money,

1286
01:31:32,511 --> 01:31:36,481
So, you know, it costs millions of dollars.

1287
01:31:36,755 --> 01:31:38,551
[Interviewer] Legal defense?
- Yes.

1288
01:31:38,551 --> 01:31:40,855
-In millions?
- Yes.

1289
01:31:41,479 --> 01:31:43,995
I think he doesn't want to be a burden on people.

1290
01:31:44,252 --> 01:31:47,786
I think that is a factor like, "I have my normal life,

1291
01:31:48,166 --> 01:31:50,291
and then I have the bad things I have to face,

1292
01:31:50,452 --> 01:31:53,259
and I try to keep the two of them apart as possible,

1293
01:31:53,489 --> 01:31:57,484
But they just started to run away and everything becomes bad. "

1294
01:31:59,333 --> 01:32:02,686
Swartz faces difficult choices that are increasingly difficult:

1295
01:32:02,720 --> 01:32:05,149
Do you acknowledge your guilt and move on with your life,

1296
01:32:05,166 --> 01:32:07,458
or do you fight a broken system?

1298
01:32:09,651 --> 01:32:13,079


1299
01:32:13,300 --> 01:32:17,174
p>

1300
01:32:17,381 --> 01:32:21,639
He refused the final application agreement and the trial date was set.

1301
01:32:33,045 --> 01:32:34,912
Aaron firmly stated that he did not want to give up and accept something

1302
01:32:35,113 --> 01:32:38,758
that he did not believe it was fair, but I also think he's scared.

1303
01:32:38,977 --> 01:32:44,344
I don't think they will punish Aaron.

1304
01:32:45,752 --> 01:32:50,094
I really think we are right.
I think we will win this case.

1305
01:32:50,094 --> 01:32:52,025
I think we can win this case.

1306
01:32:52,025 --> 01:32:54,611
He didn't talk about it much, but You can see it

1307
01:32:54,611 --> 01:32:57,548
The great pain he experienced. </ P>

1308
01:32:57,605 --> 01:33:01,749
[song]

1309
01:33:01,940 --> 01:33:05,106
There was no time in his childhood whether Aaron had severe mood changes

1310
01:33:05,360 --> 01:33:10,846
or depressive episodes or whatever I will describe as "severe depression"

1311
01:33:11,114 --> 01:33:13,962
and maybe, you know, he is depressed.
People become depressed.

1312
01:33:14,155 --> 01:33:18,867
[music]

1313
01:33:19,112 --> 01:33:23,415
Very early in our relationship, three or four weeks or something,

1314
01:33:24,078 --> 01:33:26,730
I remember he said to me

1315
01:33:27,787 --> 01:33:30,711
that I was much stronger from him.

1316
01:33:30,947 --> 01:33:33,660
You know, he is fragile in many ways.

1317
01:33:33,830 --> 01:33:36,999
Things are far more difficult for him than many people.

1318
01:33:37,200 --> 01:33:39,810
That's also part of the brilliance.

1319
01:33:41,216 --> 01:33:46,909
I thought he might have clinical depression in his early twenties.

1320
01:33:47,228 --> 01:33:49,702
I don't think he did it when I was with him.

1321
01:33:49,971 --> 01:33:55,275
He's not a "fun" person, but different from depression. </ P>

1322
01:33:56,843 --> 01:34:01,616
He was under great pressure for two consecutive years. </ P>

1323
01:34:01,842 --> 01:34:04,193
He just didn't want to do it again. </ P>

1324
01:34:04,375 --> 01:34:07,729
He just didn't want to do it again. </ P>

1325
01:34:07,814 --> 01:34:14,503
p>

1326
01:34:14,571 --> 01:34:17,320
He just - I just thought that was too much.

1327
01:34:34,171 --> 01:34:23,091
[song]

1328
01:34:23,981 --> 01:34:29,059
I got a call late at night.

1329
01:34:29,247 --> 01:34:31,730
I know there are no went wrong, then I called, and I realized what had happened.

1330
01:34:31,828 --> 01:34:35,585
One of the founders of the social news and entertainment site "Reddit" was found dead.

1331
01:34:37,539 --> 01:34:46,506
I just think, we have lost one of the most creative thoughts of our generation.

1332
01:34:46,963 --> 01:34:51,096
I was like, the whole world fell apart at that time.

1333
01:34:57,082 --> 01:35:00,299
It was the hardest night in my life.

1334
01:35:00,548 --> 01:35:04,883
I just kept screaming, "I can't hear you, what are you saying? I can't hear you!"

1335
01:35:07,693 --> 01:35:09,240
I can't
That's it.

1336
01:35:09,240 --> 01:35:11,098
[Interviewer] Alright.

1337
01:35:16,408 --> 01:35:22,553
Yes, nothing makes sense,

1338
01:35:22,773 --> 01:35:25,180
and really still doesn't.

1339
01:35:25,180 --> 01:35:27,561
I am very frustrated, angry.

1340
01:35:32,652 --> 01:35:36,688
[exhale]

1341
01:35:38,217 --> 01:35:43,326
You know, I tried to explain it to my children.

1342
01:35:43,885 --> 01:35:47,198
My three-year-old son told me that the doctor would fix it .

1343
01:35:52,576 --> 01:35:56,826
I already know many people who have died, but I have never lost a person like this,

1344
01:35:56,984 --> 01:36:04,001
Because everyone feels, and me too, there are many things we can do - more is done like...

1345
01:36:05,102 --> 01:36:11,196
I just don't know he's there.
I don't know this is what he suffered and...

1346
01:36:11,656 --> 01:36:14,375
He is part of me.

1347
01:36:16,585 --> 01:36:20,845
And I just want it not to be real, and then...

1348
01:36:25,105 --> 01:36:29,367
and then I only see the Wikipedia page and I see the end date:

1349
01:36:33,244 --> 01:36:35,761
"to 2013".

1350
01:36:50,710 --> 01:36:54,304
[quote on screen]

1351
01:37:14,958 --> 01:37:19,636
My first thought was : what if no one pays attention to it?

1352
01:37:19,636 --> 01:37:24,108
You know, because it's not clear to me how important he is.

1353
01:37:24,508 --> 01:37:30,060
I've never seen anything like the outpouring I saw.

1354
01:37:30,060 --> 01:37:32,116
Net only lights up. </ P>

1355
01:37:32,116 --> 01:37:37,677
Everyone tries to explain it in their own way, but I've never seen it

1356
01:37:38,281 --> 01:37:40,356
people mourn on Twitter before.

1357
01:37:40,356 --> 01:37:43,888
People seem to grieve online.

1358
01:37:46,552 --> 01:37:49,668
He is the internet child himself,

1359
01:37:50,115 --> 01:37:54,126
and the old world killed him.

1360
01:37:55,747 --> 01:38:01,316
We stand in the middle when great injustice is untouched.

1361
01:38:02,204 --> 01:38:06,564
Architects financially destroy dinner with the president, regularly.

1362
01:38:06,564 --> 01:38:12,989
In the middle of that time, the idea that this is what must be tried by the government,

1364
01:38:17,859 --> 01:38:23,643
The question is: Can we do something, remember what happened,

1365
01:38:23,643 --> 01:38:26,698
to make the world a better place,

1366
01:38:26,698 --> 01:38:28,817
and how can we continue that legacy?

1367
01:38:28,817 --> 01:38:32,284
That is the only question someone can ask.

1369
01:38:37,971 --> 01:38:43,578
Aaron Swartz, in some ways, brings the best of us, in an effort to say:

1370
01:38:44,044 --> 01:38:47,079
How do we fix it?

1371
01:38:47,994 --> 01:38:52,892
He, in my opinion, one of the true true revolutionaries

1372
01:38:52,892 --> 01:38:55,817
that this country has produced.

1373
01:38:55,817 --> 01:38:59,504
I don't know whether Aaron lost or won,

1374
01:38:59,715 --> 01:39:05,939
But we must be shaped by the hands of objects that are being held with him. </ P>

1375
01:39:06,089 --> 01:39:12,430
When we change the armed law agents to citizens who are trying to increase access to knowledge,

1377
01:39:17,344 --> 01:39:19,684
Aaron Swartz is not a criminal. </ P>

1379
01:39:21,756 --> 01:39:25,525
Changes aren't rolling on the wheel of necessity,

1380
01:39:25,525 --> 01:39:29,084
comes through constant struggle.

1381
01:39:30,316 --> 01:39:32,703
Aaron can really do magic,

1382
01:39:32,976 --> 01:39:36,308
and I am dedicated to make sure that the magic doesn't end with his death.

1384
01:39:40,780 --> 01:39:44,935
Exit last week, and come out of today, the phoenix has gone up.

1385
01:39:45,022 --> 01:39:46,728
[applause]

1386
01:39:46,978 --> 01:39:51,605
Since Swartz's death, Representative Zoe Lofgren and Senator Ron Wyden

1387
01:39:51,605 --> 01:39:55,509
has introduced a law that will change the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act -

1388
01:39:55,811 --> 01:40:00,563
obsolete laws that make up the majority of charges against Swartz.

1389
01:40:00,816 --> 01:40:03,511
This is called "Aaron's Law" .

1390
01:40:03,511 --> 01:40:07,310
Aaron believes that you really have to ask yourself all the time:

1391
01:40:07,310 --> 01:40:10,731
What is the most important thing I can do in the world today?

1392
01:40:10,940 --> 01:40:13,203
And if you don't do it, why not?

1393
01:40:13,203 --> 01:40:15,758
[Protesters] This is the form of democracy!

1394
01:40:15,758 --> 01:40:17,278
[People singing a lot] We are people too!

1395
01:40:17,278 --> 01:40:21,088
Freedom the internet is attacked, what are we doing?

1396
01:40:21,088 --> 01:40:22,814
Stand up, fight!

1397
01:40:22,814 --> 01:40:25,928
Freedom of the internet is attacked, what do we do?

1398
01:40:25,928 --> 01:40:30,929
Hey, hey!
Ho, ho!
NROC must go! </ P>

1399
01:40:33,740 --> 01:40:37,331
Saya berharap kita bisa mengubah masa lalu, tapi kita tidak bisa.

1400
01:40:37,331 --> 01:40:39,898
But we can change the future and we must do it.

1401
01:40:39,898 --> 01:40:44,107
We have to do it for Aaron, we must do it for ourselves.

1402
01:40:44,107 --> 01:40:48,797
We must do it to make our world become a better place, a more humane place,

1403
01:40:48,797 --> 01:40:54,179
a place where justice works, and access to knowledge becomes human rights.
[applause]

1404
01:40:54,584 --> 01:41:01,741
So there is a person little boy, back in February, from Baltimore, fourteen,

1405
01:41:02,109 --> 01:41:08,448
who had access to JSTOR, and he had spalunking through JSTOR after reading something,

1406
01:41:08,506 --> 01:41:14,350
and he found a way to do an initial test for pancreatic cancer,

1407
01:41:14,876 --> 01:41:19,639
and pancreatic cancer kill your excrement because we detected it too late.

1408
01:41:19,639 --> 01:41:23,032
When we detect it, it's too late to do something about it,

1409
01:41:23,187 --> 01:41:29,080
and he e-mailed the entire department of oncology at Johns Hopkins,

1410
01:41:29,144 --> 01:41:32,368
you know hundreds of them, and every -
- [Interviewer] Are you saying fourteen?

1411
01:41:35,379 --> 01:41:35,853
- A fourteen year old boy, yes, and most of them ignored it but one of them sent him an email back,

1412
01:41:35,853 --> 01:41:38,798
and said this was not a totally stupid idea, why didn't you come again?

1413
01:41:38,798 --> 01:41:43,470
This child works night and weekend with this researcher, and in February I heard it on the news

1414
01:41:43,470 --> 01:41:48,832
just a few weeks after Aaron died, when Aaron was delivered a lot...

1415
01:41:50,907 --> 01:41:53,005
Sorry...

1416
01:41:53,550 --> 01:41:59,550
and he said the reason why he heard the news because they had done it.
They were sent

1417
01:42:00,152 --> 01:42:03,941
an initial test for cancer pancreas that will save lives,

1418
01:42:03,941 --> 01:42:09,917
and he said, "This is why what Aaron does is very important."

1419
01:42:10,453 --> 01:42:15,359
Because you never know, right?
The truth of the universe is not just something

1420
01:42:15,359 --> 01:42:19,581
which policymakers use to find out, you know, what speed limit should be.

1421
01:42:19,581 --> 01:42:24,390
That's where things will make your child from death from pancreatic cancer come from,

1422
01:42:26,173 --> 01:42:31,391
and without access , someone who might find the item inside,

1423
01:42:32,692 --> 01:42:34,487
might never be able to find the answer

1424
01:42:36,267 --> 01:42:47,425
He fell asleep very well, he did not fall from [baby talk], even when he dreams of him returning to the spaceship.

1425
01:42:48,030 --> 01:42:51,805
[Father Aaron] Very good, Aaron.
Very good.
Yay, Aaron!

1426
01:42:51,805 --> 01:42:56,586
Okay, now it's time to sing.

1427
01:42:56,586 --> 01:43:18,326
♪ ♪ ♪

1428
01:43:19,385 --> 01:43:23,983
BBM: 2C05FBF1
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