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March 15, 2000... the day of infamy,

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as far as I'm concerned.

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I woke up in the morning,

4
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started having coffee,
telling our team of people

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that had just arrived that,
you know, the chances

6
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of seeing a beaked whale
in a 10‐day period are slim.

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My assistant, Dave,

8
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came running inside and saying, "Ken!

9
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Ken! There's a beaked whale
right on the beach,

10
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right in front of the house!"

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And sure enough, there was
a goose‐beaked whale swimming...

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Moving his tail anyway,

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as if it was trying to get up the beach.

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In my mind, or maybe out loud,

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I said,

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"what are you doing here?"

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They're supposed to be in deep water.

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So I pushed it back out to sea.

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Go, baby, go!

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It swam out a little ways.

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And it came back in.

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We did this two or three times.

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And then some neighbors
came along and said,

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"there's another one down at the point."

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Covered it with, uh, sheets
and kept splashing water on it,

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while the rest kept trying
to push the other whale out.

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And then our neighbors came
and said, "there's another whale

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just another 200 yards
up the beach from us."

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As the day unfolded,
we had people calling

30
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from all over the Northern
Bahamas saying,

31
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"a whale strand here,
whale strands there."

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Something was causing all these whales

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to wanna abandon the deep water

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and get the hell outta there.

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It was, uh, kinda devastating.

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Animals that I had grown to know

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over a 10‐year period were now dead.

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They were trying to get away.

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I was driven to find out why.

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Everywhere on Earth,

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we can hear the songs of life...

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From the smallest insects

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to the largest animals on the planet.

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But most of us only hear half
of this living symphony.

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There's a completely different orchestra

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playing beneath the surface of the sea.

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One of the most memorable moments

48
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I have in my life

49
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was the first time I put on headphones

50
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in the arctic.

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It's gray and white.

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It's almost sensory...
Complete sensory deprivation.

53
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I can't smell anything.

54
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I can barely taste anything.

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We found a little opening of water,

56
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in which I dropped
two underwater microphones.

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Put on the headphones,
I was completely amazed.

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Bearded seals coming out of the ether,

59
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as though they were from
"the martian chronicles."

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Beluga whales chirping
and chattering and clicking.

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And then the bowhead whales,

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roaring low‐frequency moans.

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And I was like, "Oh, my God!

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This is fantastic!"

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Chris Clark has been recording

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the symphony of life on Earth

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for more than 40 years.

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He has built one
of the largest collections

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of animal sounds on the planet.

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I listen to the world.

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And to me, song is life.

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It is the essence of who we are.

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And it joins us all.

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The problem is, in the ocean,

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we are injecting
enormous amounts of noise,

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so much so that we are basically

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acoustically bleaching the ocean.

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All the singing voices of the planet

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are lost in that cloud of noise.

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This accumulation of sound

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is changing the entire
ecosystem underwater.

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Some of the animals
most directly affected

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by this Sonic invasion

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are the largest ever
to have lived on Earth.

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They're so large.

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And they're so dramatic and magnificent.

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They are highly conscious animals.

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They have self‐awareness.
They think.

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They have intellectual
capabilities that rival ours.

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And their graciousness...

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They're mammals.
They're just like us.

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They're a very specialized form

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of life on this planet that,

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basically, rules the ocean.

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All whales can hear.

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They have to for their survival.

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The ocean is a completely
different place

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acoustically than in the air.

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Sound can travel enormous distances

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very, very fast,

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whereas light doesn't
travel very far at all.

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And the whales have evolved
to take advantage of that.

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They can hear storms
that are 1,000 miles away.

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For humans, well,
it's important for us to hear,

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but not nearly as important

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as it is for whales, dolphins

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and many kinds of fish.

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They're relying on being able

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to sense their environment acoustically.

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Whether it's finding their buddies,

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knowing where food is,
knowing where the shoreline is.

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Well, they certainly have eyes.

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And they use their eyes.

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But they're far more reliant

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on their hearing to live.

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Think about it... even in
the clearest ocean water,

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visibility is nothing close
to what you have on the land.

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And 100 feet is considered
to be really good.

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But you can look up at the stars

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and see light that has been transmitted

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over millions of miles on the land.

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You can look and see mountains
in the distance, miles away.

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Just as air is a brilliant
medium for light,

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water is a brilliant medium for sound.

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To give you an example,

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in the early 1990s,

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a group of scientists

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put a noise-making device, uh,

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down in the Southern Indian ocean.

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They wanted to see
just how far sound would travel.

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The sound that they produced
carried into the Atlantic ocean,

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into the Pacific ocean.

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It carried as far

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as those researchers were listening.

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Their furthest hydrophone,
or underwater microphone,

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was positioned off of Washington state,

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which means that the sound
traveled some 17,000 kilometers

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and was still audible.

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And the whales see the ocean
through sound.

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So their mind's eye is their mind's ear.

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So I'm in this tent with
an Inupiat whaling captain.

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And I want the ears for science.

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I wanna get the ear bones of the whale

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so that I can give 'em to a colleague,

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who is a scientist, to understand,

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how do they hear?

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What... what is so different
about these animals?

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And this Inupiat whaling captain
just looked at me.

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And very deliberately, he said,

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"do you know that the ears
are the entrance

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to the soul of the whale?"

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And now, I even get emotional
remembering that statement.

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The ears of this animal

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are the entrance
to its self‐consciousness,

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to its life, to its history,
to its future.

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The Bahamas stranding, well,

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we had specimens
that had died within hours.

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And I knew

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that collecting a fresh specimen

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and freezing it as soon as possible

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would provide the best evidence

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that would show what sort of damage

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was going on internally.

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I transported two beaked whale heads

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and a dolphin from Bahamas

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and got 'em over
to a commercial airplane

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going to Boston.

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Trucked the specimens
right over to the cat scans

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at Harvard medical school and,

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by 2 A. M.,

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had seen the evidence
of sub-arachnoid hemorrhage

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around the brain and blood
around the ears.

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Uh, they were definitely, uh, impacted.

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I knew that it was
a human‐caused stranding.

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I was very concerned that, uh, we learn

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what specifically are we doing that

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is causing these mortalities,

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and not do this again.

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Humans have been changing
the sound of the oceans

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since we first started
exploring the seas.

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But our ocean presence has exploded

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over the last 5 decades.

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The world that these
long‐lived creatures

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have experienced
is changed on a geologic scale.

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We are seeing just a different planet.

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Some whales, they live
to be 150 to 200 years old.

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When those whales were teenagers,

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the world was quiet.
Okay?

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So if I disrupt your ability to hunt,

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or if I disrupt the ability of a female

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to make a choice
between the best singers

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because she can only hear the ones

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that are closest to her,

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what's the impact of that?

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Getting lost in the ocean

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must be terrifying to a young whale.

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Can't find its mother.
Can't find its family.

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A lost whale, in that sense,

199
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would be, likely, a dead whale.

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Uh, I've known about
whale song for a long time.

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And I've heard it many times.

202
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And also astounded by how...

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The distance
that their songs can travel,

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that they have to communicate,
sometimes, ocean‐wide.

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Um, it's like a telephone.

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00:14:50,654 --> 00:14:52,320
And so it would be logical

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that their hearing would be as powerful

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as their reach when... when they sing.

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I make my living as a musician.

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I've subjected myself
to industrial levels of noise

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because of it.

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And my hearing is impaired.

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And so I'm increasingly more aware

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00:15:10,714 --> 00:15:13,649
of the Sonic world we live in.

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00:15:13,650 --> 00:15:15,351
I prefer silence.

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I was born and raised, um,

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next to a shipyard
in the North of England.

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At the end of my street
are some of the biggest,

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00:15:23,827 --> 00:15:28,030
um, ships ever constructed
on planet Earth.

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They would launch them with the,
uh, timbers cracking

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and the drag chains being pulled.

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And as a small child, I...

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I found that, uh,
stirring and frightening.

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No, you wouldn't think about
what was going on under the sea.

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It was just some...
A means of, you know,

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transporting things
or transporting people,

227
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rather than, uh, to go underneath it.

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The dominant change

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in the conditions of underwater noise

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has been from commercial shipping.

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00:16:01,504 --> 00:16:04,740
So, ships are the way
we really move goods

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00:16:04,741 --> 00:16:07,009
on this planet.

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00:16:07,010 --> 00:16:10,312
We move over 98 percent of the stuff

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00:16:10,313 --> 00:16:14,217
we need to get from point A
to point B using ships.

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At any given time,

236
00:16:17,821 --> 00:16:21,189
there are an estimated
60,000 commercial chips

237
00:16:21,190 --> 00:16:23,359
traversing the world's oceans.

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They're enormous.
They're like cities on water

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with far fewer people.

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And the sound of all of those ships,

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00:16:36,272 --> 00:16:38,140
all in the water at once,

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00:16:38,141 --> 00:16:41,877
has literally filled our oceans with...

243
00:16:41,878 --> 00:16:43,746
With noise.

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00:16:43,747 --> 00:16:47,783
One of the things
about noise in the ocean

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00:16:47,784 --> 00:16:50,418
is that humans are not
aware of it at all.

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It's one of these out of sight,
out of mind kind of things.

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00:16:54,323 --> 00:16:56,524
It really is, in a...
In a sense, a cacophony

248
00:16:56,525 --> 00:16:57,726
of sound

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00:16:57,727 --> 00:17:01,704
that surrounds the whales at this point.

250
00:17:01,705 --> 00:17:04,873
Paul Spong is
the Co‐Director of Orcalab,

251
00:17:04,874 --> 00:17:06,341
a Whale‐research Station

252
00:17:06,342 --> 00:17:09,545
on Hanson Island
off British Columbia, Canada.

253
00:17:13,617 --> 00:17:16,084
He and his team
use hydrophones to record

254
00:17:16,085 --> 00:17:17,953
and study the sounds of orca pods

255
00:17:17,954 --> 00:17:19,889
in the Pacific Northwest.

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00:17:22,659 --> 00:17:26,029
There are a host of reasons
for caring about whales.

257
00:17:29,966 --> 00:17:33,703
Certainly the beauty
and their lifestyle.

258
00:17:36,505 --> 00:17:38,607
With orcas, you have, for example,

259
00:17:38,608 --> 00:17:39,975
the most powerful creature in...

260
00:17:39,976 --> 00:17:44,346
On the planet living
an utterly peaceful life.

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00:17:44,347 --> 00:17:46,149
That's impressive.

262
00:17:48,685 --> 00:17:50,518
Each of the family groups has, uh,

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their own special dialect

264
00:17:52,288 --> 00:17:54,222
that we listen to.

265
00:17:54,223 --> 00:17:56,792
So we can understand a lot
about who's there just from...

266
00:17:56,793 --> 00:17:59,668
Just from the sounds that they make.

267
00:17:59,669 --> 00:18:03,171
We know when they're hunting.
We know when they're resting.

268
00:18:03,172 --> 00:18:05,140
We know when they're socializing.

269
00:18:05,141 --> 00:18:07,375
We know when they're having
a great time together

270
00:18:07,376 --> 00:18:08,877
down at the rubbing beaches

271
00:18:08,878 --> 00:18:12,380
'cause we're listening all the time.

272
00:18:12,381 --> 00:18:14,149
Cruise ships, the freighters

273
00:18:14,150 --> 00:18:16,919
are very recent phenomena
in their history.

274
00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:20,255
Now, sound is everywhere around them,

275
00:18:20,256 --> 00:18:22,490
much of the time.

276
00:18:22,491 --> 00:18:24,392
When a cruise ship comes along.

277
00:18:24,393 --> 00:18:26,328
And a cruise ship
kinda comes around the corner

278
00:18:26,329 --> 00:18:29,597
into the acoustic field
of that... of the whales.

279
00:18:29,598 --> 00:18:31,900
You can hear what happens.

280
00:18:31,901 --> 00:18:34,169
This is a group of G clan whales.

281
00:18:51,223 --> 00:18:53,058
When a cruise ship comes along,

282
00:18:53,059 --> 00:18:55,166
you can hear what happens.

283
00:19:02,574 --> 00:19:04,776
Anyway, the whales,
uh, are calling away.

284
00:19:04,777 --> 00:19:06,044
And they, uh,

285
00:19:06,045 --> 00:19:08,413
uh, try to continue it
for a little while.

286
00:19:08,414 --> 00:19:12,250
Then they get totally drowned out.

287
00:19:12,251 --> 00:19:14,652
Noise interferes with hunting,

288
00:19:14,653 --> 00:19:18,123
with a whale's ability to find fish.

289
00:19:18,124 --> 00:19:21,259
Well, if you reduce the amount of food

290
00:19:21,260 --> 00:19:23,328
that whales can get,

291
00:19:23,329 --> 00:19:27,233
then you're directly impacting
their well‐being, their lives.

292
00:19:31,503 --> 00:19:33,371
I think when you listen
to the hydrophones,

293
00:19:33,372 --> 00:19:34,706
it's hard to think

294
00:19:34,707 --> 00:19:37,776
that that noise does not have
an impact on the whales.

295
00:19:37,777 --> 00:19:40,611
I mean, sometimes, it...
Listening on the headphones

296
00:19:40,612 --> 00:19:43,281
gives you a headache within 10 minutes.

297
00:19:43,282 --> 00:19:44,682
You have to take the headphones off.

298
00:19:44,683 --> 00:19:46,551
You have to turn the volume down.

299
00:19:46,552 --> 00:19:49,587
And I just think, you know, "the whales,

300
00:19:49,588 --> 00:19:51,824
they can't turn the volume down."

301
00:20:02,674 --> 00:20:04,675
Several years ago, I was at a meeting

302
00:20:04,676 --> 00:20:07,745
about ship noise in Hamburg, Germany.

303
00:20:07,746 --> 00:20:10,448
And we went down and saw
some of the newest

304
00:20:10,449 --> 00:20:12,050
and largest container ships.

305
00:20:12,051 --> 00:20:14,986
And they're striking.

306
00:20:14,987 --> 00:20:17,855
They're basically skyscrapers
turned sideways

307
00:20:17,856 --> 00:20:21,259
with giant engines
put on the back of 'em.

308
00:20:21,260 --> 00:20:23,728
Some of the sound
may come from the engines

309
00:20:23,729 --> 00:20:25,363
that's transmitted through the hull.

310
00:20:25,364 --> 00:20:29,234
But the majority of it comes
from what is happening right

311
00:20:29,235 --> 00:20:31,002
at the propeller.

312
00:20:33,572 --> 00:20:35,406
It's called cavitation.

313
00:20:35,407 --> 00:20:37,275
That's when the bubbles
created by the blades

314
00:20:37,276 --> 00:20:40,946
of the propeller collapse
and burst underwater.

315
00:20:40,947 --> 00:20:44,015
It's not so much the collapse
of an individual bubble.

316
00:20:44,016 --> 00:20:45,683
It's all of them, eh,

317
00:20:45,684 --> 00:20:49,788
at once creating a very loud hiss.

318
00:20:52,358 --> 00:20:55,201
The ship's engines
generate noise as well.

319
00:20:56,568 --> 00:21:00,771
Basically, the way ship engines
are historically built

320
00:21:00,772 --> 00:21:04,009
is you bolt 'em to the frame.

321
00:21:04,010 --> 00:21:07,478
And then it vibrates the frame
and makes that sound transmit

322
00:21:07,479 --> 00:21:09,915
through all the steel or the hull

323
00:21:09,916 --> 00:21:12,650
and out into the water.

324
00:21:12,651 --> 00:21:14,953
Over the last 60 years,

325
00:21:14,954 --> 00:21:18,489
the number of ships moving
over the global surface

326
00:21:18,490 --> 00:21:21,227
of the world has increased dramatically.

327
00:21:23,195 --> 00:21:24,695
You can look at the curves.

328
00:21:24,696 --> 00:21:27,232
And it's just going up
and up and up and up.

329
00:21:27,233 --> 00:21:29,600
It really is just
like a highway, you know,

330
00:21:29,601 --> 00:21:32,370
the Los Angeles freeway
or the long island expressway.

331
00:21:32,371 --> 00:21:35,006
And if you look
at the taillights of those cars,

332
00:21:35,007 --> 00:21:36,975
it would be solid light.

333
00:21:36,976 --> 00:21:40,011
That's the shipping Lane, where,

334
00:21:40,012 --> 00:21:41,947
in this case, the light

335
00:21:41,948 --> 00:21:45,483
is all the noise from all the ships.

336
00:21:45,484 --> 00:21:47,485
Is there any evidence
that all of this noise

337
00:21:47,486 --> 00:21:50,656
is making life difficult
for whales and fishes?

338
00:21:54,693 --> 00:21:57,702
Most of humanity lives
in the Northern hemisphere.

339
00:21:57,703 --> 00:21:59,804
There's a fraction of the percentage

340
00:21:59,805 --> 00:22:02,773
of commercial shipping
in the Southern hemisphere.

341
00:22:02,774 --> 00:22:05,076
Well, we have Southern right whales.

342
00:22:05,077 --> 00:22:07,946
They're cousins
of the Northern right whales.

343
00:22:07,947 --> 00:22:12,550
Those populations are going gangbusters.

344
00:22:12,551 --> 00:22:14,986
But up North, their cousins...

345
00:22:14,987 --> 00:22:17,388
Same kind of habitat, everything else...

346
00:22:17,389 --> 00:22:21,459
They're struggling to get by.

347
00:22:21,460 --> 00:22:23,394
Why is that?

348
00:22:23,395 --> 00:22:25,964
You can say, "how many ships
are going through the area?"

349
00:22:25,965 --> 00:22:27,933
But so what?

350
00:22:27,934 --> 00:22:31,236
How... how do you show
that that has any influence

351
00:22:31,237 --> 00:22:34,272
or any impact or makes any difference?

352
00:22:34,273 --> 00:22:36,441
Well, we really needed
a laboratory for that.

353
00:22:36,442 --> 00:22:38,243
We needed a place
where you could draw a line

354
00:22:38,244 --> 00:22:40,478
around it and ask, "okay.

355
00:22:40,479 --> 00:22:44,082
Within these waters,
what are those contributions?"

356
00:22:44,083 --> 00:22:47,552
Researchers chose
Cape Cod Bay near Boston,

357
00:22:47,553 --> 00:22:51,522
an important habitat
of North Atlantic right whales.

358
00:22:51,523 --> 00:22:57,368
And what was surprising
in that was how bad it was.

359
00:22:57,369 --> 00:23:00,538
You see right whale calls illuminated

360
00:23:00,539 --> 00:23:02,941
like little firefly light.

361
00:23:02,942 --> 00:23:04,910
And then, every so often,

362
00:23:04,911 --> 00:23:07,279
several times a day,
a ship will come in.

363
00:23:10,716 --> 00:23:12,383
Comes in like a flood light.

364
00:23:12,384 --> 00:23:16,222
It obliterates the whale's
ability to hear.

365
00:23:18,357 --> 00:23:21,192
The study revealed that
North Atlantic right whales lost

366
00:23:21,193 --> 00:23:22,527
up to 80 percent

367
00:23:22,528 --> 00:23:24,229
of their ability to hear the songs

368
00:23:24,230 --> 00:23:26,831
of their friends and mates.

369
00:23:26,832 --> 00:23:29,700
That's a really dramatic loss
of space for these animals

370
00:23:29,701 --> 00:23:31,669
during really critical time periods.

371
00:23:31,670 --> 00:23:35,706
It's just ripping
the communicate system apart.

372
00:23:35,707 --> 00:23:37,742
Are they not getting enough to eat?

373
00:23:37,743 --> 00:23:39,344
And are they stressed out?

374
00:23:39,345 --> 00:23:42,547
So there, you get a linkage
to the whole reproductive cycle,

375
00:23:42,548 --> 00:23:45,416
to the whole biology.

376
00:23:45,417 --> 00:23:51,122
There may be 450 of them left
in the entire ocean.

377
00:23:51,123 --> 00:23:55,134
That species is fighting
for its life right now.

378
00:24:00,006 --> 00:24:03,708
I joined the Navy in March, 1967.

379
00:24:03,709 --> 00:24:06,244
I learned how to fly, got my wings.

380
00:24:06,245 --> 00:24:08,413
And got stationed at a Sosus station,

381
00:24:08,414 --> 00:24:12,383
which was sound surveillance, undersea.

382
00:24:12,384 --> 00:24:15,720
The operations were that
you listen to hydrophone systems

383
00:24:15,721 --> 00:24:18,357
in the ocean for enemy submarines.

384
00:24:19,491 --> 00:24:22,260
Sosus...

385
00:24:22,261 --> 00:24:27,332
That name was top‐secret.

386
00:24:27,333 --> 00:24:28,934
Now, in 1991,

387
00:24:28,935 --> 00:24:31,502
the Soviet union was collapsing.

388
00:24:31,503 --> 00:24:35,040
And the U. S. Navy offered up Sosus.

389
00:24:35,041 --> 00:24:36,541
I walk in the building,

390
00:24:36,542 --> 00:24:39,144
High security, the whole thing.

391
00:24:39,145 --> 00:24:43,881
And it's like there are maps
all over the walls.

392
00:24:43,882 --> 00:24:46,117
There's all this machinery.

393
00:24:46,118 --> 00:24:48,987
And the way, I metaphorically
speak of this...

394
00:24:48,988 --> 00:24:52,123
The world I've been living
in fits underneath the head

395
00:24:52,124 --> 00:24:54,592
of a pin in the ocean.

396
00:24:54,593 --> 00:24:58,636
This system,
this is the Hubble telescope.

397
00:24:58,637 --> 00:25:01,572
I can listen anywhere in the ocean

398
00:25:01,573 --> 00:25:04,142
I want to at any time.

399
00:25:04,143 --> 00:25:07,145
Someone says to me, "hey, doc.

400
00:25:07,146 --> 00:25:09,880
You think you could
use this for studying whales?"

401
00:25:09,881 --> 00:25:13,184
And it was, like, "expletive deleted."

402
00:25:13,185 --> 00:25:16,821
"Are you blipping kidding me?"

403
00:25:16,822 --> 00:25:18,623
And it was in that room,

404
00:25:18,624 --> 00:25:21,459
I literally crossed the beams

405
00:25:21,460 --> 00:25:25,430
pointing to a blue whale
singing off of Ireland.

406
00:25:25,431 --> 00:25:28,799
I was listening to it from Virginia.

407
00:25:33,672 --> 00:25:36,908
Since biologists have been
given access to Sosus,

408
00:25:36,909 --> 00:25:39,477
it has become
the single most important tool

409
00:25:39,478 --> 00:25:43,081
for listening to whales ocean‐wide.

410
00:25:43,082 --> 00:25:46,684
This listening system has also
allowed scientist to track

411
00:25:46,685 --> 00:25:48,987
the rise of human‐produced noise

412
00:25:48,988 --> 00:25:52,023
in the ocean over time.

413
00:25:52,024 --> 00:25:53,992
Large commercial shipping

414
00:25:53,993 --> 00:25:56,567
has kind of a rumbling like a distant,

415
00:25:56,568 --> 00:26:01,506
uh, thunderstorm all the time.

416
00:26:01,507 --> 00:26:04,209
When I was in the Navy,
that was just a fact of life

417
00:26:04,210 --> 00:26:07,045
in the '60s, '70s, '80s, '90s

418
00:26:07,046 --> 00:26:09,414
and even today as it...

419
00:26:09,415 --> 00:26:11,983
The noise environment in the ocean

420
00:26:11,984 --> 00:26:14,419
is doubling every 10 years.

421
00:26:20,592 --> 00:26:23,194
There's different ways
that sounds can affect animals.

422
00:26:23,195 --> 00:26:25,997
I mean, there's that underlying
ambient noise level

423
00:26:25,998 --> 00:26:28,199
that's rising and rising
and rising that interferes

424
00:26:28,200 --> 00:26:32,704
with communication
and their movement patterns.

425
00:26:32,705 --> 00:26:34,605
And then there's the more acute,

426
00:26:34,606 --> 00:26:36,875
kind of, traumatic impact of sound.

427
00:26:36,876 --> 00:26:39,577
And that's causing physical damage

428
00:26:39,578 --> 00:26:42,413
or just a really strong
behavioral response.

429
00:26:42,414 --> 00:26:45,383
It's fight or flight.

430
00:26:45,384 --> 00:26:46,718
Basically, all my professional life,

431
00:26:46,719 --> 00:26:49,654
I've been responding
to marine mammal strandings,

432
00:26:49,655 --> 00:26:52,057
Dolphins, whales and seals.

433
00:26:52,058 --> 00:26:53,992
Sometimes, when we think
of a mass stranding,

434
00:26:53,993 --> 00:26:55,126
it's not much animals

435
00:26:55,127 --> 00:26:56,367
throwing themselves on the beach,

436
00:26:56,368 --> 00:26:59,304
but being out of habitat.

437
00:26:59,305 --> 00:27:03,174
One example is in Madagascar in 2008.

438
00:27:03,175 --> 00:27:04,475
As we flew in,

439
00:27:04,476 --> 00:27:06,912
going into this very small,
very rural area,

440
00:27:06,913 --> 00:27:09,680
we asked the pilot
if he would do a tour.

441
00:27:09,681 --> 00:27:13,384
We had been told there were 100
to 200 melon‐headed whales

442
00:27:13,385 --> 00:27:14,853
in an estuary.

443
00:27:14,854 --> 00:27:19,090
They were 65 kilometers away
from the open ocean.

444
00:27:19,091 --> 00:27:20,258
And I think our hearts fell

445
00:27:20,259 --> 00:27:21,692
at that point because we looked at it.

446
00:27:21,693 --> 00:27:23,662
And we said,
"it's a huge distance to go."

447
00:27:29,135 --> 00:27:32,270
Most of the animals
were in pretty tough shape.

448
00:27:32,271 --> 00:27:34,405
They looked thin, dehydrated.

449
00:27:34,406 --> 00:27:36,742
These are animals
that probably were stranding

450
00:27:36,743 --> 00:27:39,044
at some point during the day,
getting sunburned,

451
00:27:39,045 --> 00:27:40,879
abrasions, like, cuts and bruises

452
00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:42,915
from being up in the mangrove swamps.

453
00:27:48,487 --> 00:27:50,388
We herd the whales

454
00:27:50,389 --> 00:27:52,390
just like, uh,
like how we would herd cattle.

455
00:27:52,391 --> 00:27:54,292
We... we move boats the way

456
00:27:54,293 --> 00:27:58,469
you would ride a horse behind cattle.

457
00:27:58,470 --> 00:28:00,238
One right there.

458
00:28:00,239 --> 00:28:05,744
Trying to move these animals
very slowly out into open water.

459
00:28:05,745 --> 00:28:07,545
As the day would wear on,

460
00:28:07,546 --> 00:28:08,947
you could just see them deteriorating.

461
00:28:08,948 --> 00:28:11,382
They were becoming slower,
less responsive

462
00:28:11,383 --> 00:28:13,351
to what we were trying to do.

463
00:28:13,352 --> 00:28:16,422
In the end, we probably
saved a handful of whales.

464
00:28:18,690 --> 00:28:20,259
Most of them died.

465
00:28:22,294 --> 00:28:23,795
And then our job was to go in

466
00:28:23,796 --> 00:28:25,965
and figure out why they were there.

467
00:28:30,139 --> 00:28:32,540
In the end, we probably
saved a handful of whales.

468
00:28:33,141 --> 00:28:35,809
Most of them died.

469
00:28:36,010 --> 00:28:37,144
And then our job was to go in

470
00:28:37,145 --> 00:28:39,146
and figure out why they were there.

471
00:28:39,147 --> 00:28:40,548
These animals weren't sick.

472
00:28:40,549 --> 00:28:41,849
They weren't injured.

473
00:28:41,850 --> 00:28:45,419
We ruled out the things
that we knew it wasn't.

474
00:28:45,420 --> 00:28:48,221
And the only smoking gun left

475
00:28:48,222 --> 00:28:51,358
was this oil and gas exploration work

476
00:28:51,359 --> 00:28:53,233
being done offshore that coincided

477
00:28:53,234 --> 00:28:57,337
in time and location with this event.

478
00:28:57,338 --> 00:28:58,506
Prospecting teams,

479
00:28:58,507 --> 00:29:01,174
commissioned by
an Exxonmobil subsidiary,

480
00:29:01,175 --> 00:29:03,877
were hunting for oil
off the coast of Madagascar,

481
00:29:03,878 --> 00:29:06,146
near the mouth of the river.

482
00:29:06,147 --> 00:29:09,350
They were using a special
industrial echo sounder

483
00:29:09,351 --> 00:29:11,719
that emits sound waves
to map the sea floor.

484
00:29:14,155 --> 00:29:16,557
Exxonmobil stopped all of
the work that they were doing.

485
00:29:16,558 --> 00:29:20,328
And they provided volumes of data.

486
00:29:20,329 --> 00:29:22,663
When I was reading through all
of it, one thing caught my eye.

487
00:29:22,664 --> 00:29:25,366
And it was a series
of satellite photographs

488
00:29:25,367 --> 00:29:26,600
of this region.

489
00:29:26,601 --> 00:29:30,271
And they were claiming
these images showed

490
00:29:30,272 --> 00:29:32,473
that there were animals
stranded prior to the work

491
00:29:32,474 --> 00:29:35,676
that they were doing offshore,
so they couldn't have caused it.

492
00:29:35,677 --> 00:29:37,878
In the images,
there were these dark objects

493
00:29:37,879 --> 00:29:41,014
lined up perpendicular to the water.

494
00:29:41,015 --> 00:29:42,916
And they were claiming

495
00:29:42,917 --> 00:29:44,785
that these were all whales
that had stranded.

496
00:29:44,786 --> 00:29:46,587
And I'm looking at 'em, like...
I've been doing strandings

497
00:29:46,588 --> 00:29:47,788
for almost 20 years.

498
00:29:47,789 --> 00:29:49,757
And I've never seen animals
beach themselves

499
00:29:49,758 --> 00:29:53,701
in such a perfect pattern.

500
00:29:53,702 --> 00:29:55,404
And I was like, "those are boats."

501
00:29:57,406 --> 00:30:00,107
Those are dugout canoes
used by local fishermen.

502
00:30:00,108 --> 00:30:02,243
That was the moment that...
That I got really angry.

503
00:30:02,244 --> 00:30:03,844
And I was, like, "you know,
now you're just...

504
00:30:03,845 --> 00:30:06,046
There's no way you can believe that."

505
00:30:06,047 --> 00:30:07,481
They were throwing everything at us

506
00:30:07,482 --> 00:30:08,516
to say it couldn't have been us.

507
00:30:08,517 --> 00:30:10,318
And I looked at that and I said, "no.

508
00:30:10,319 --> 00:30:12,786
There's no way."

509
00:30:12,787 --> 00:30:15,456
An independent scientific review panel

510
00:30:15,457 --> 00:30:19,026
came to the same conclusion
as Moore and her team.

511
00:30:19,027 --> 00:30:21,862
The whales were most likely
trying to escape the noise

512
00:30:21,863 --> 00:30:24,098
of the industrial echo sounder.

513
00:30:27,902 --> 00:30:30,804
But fossil fuel companies
are doing much more

514
00:30:30,805 --> 00:30:34,775
than just mapping the ocean
with waves of sound.

515
00:30:34,776 --> 00:30:36,444
More and more and more,
what you're seeing

516
00:30:36,445 --> 00:30:41,515
is deep ocean prospecting
for oil and gas.

517
00:30:41,516 --> 00:30:44,117
So the modern form of dynamite

518
00:30:44,118 --> 00:30:47,556
is found in the form of airguns...

519
00:30:54,669 --> 00:30:58,338
Most of which goes
vertically down into the ocean.

520
00:30:58,339 --> 00:31:00,841
It reflects off the Earth's crust.

521
00:31:00,842 --> 00:31:03,711
And then you create an image
of the composition of the Earth,

522
00:31:03,712 --> 00:31:06,313
and you search for oil and gas.

523
00:31:06,314 --> 00:31:08,348
And then you have sets of them,

524
00:31:08,349 --> 00:31:10,451
10, 20, 30, 40 of them in a...

525
00:31:10,452 --> 00:31:11,652
What's called an array.

526
00:31:11,653 --> 00:31:13,787
It's a big matrix of them behind a ship.

527
00:31:13,788 --> 00:31:16,957
And they all explode simultaneously.

528
00:31:16,958 --> 00:31:20,060
And there are multiple surveys,
all setting off these charges

529
00:31:20,061 --> 00:31:21,929
at a regular rate of 10 seconds

530
00:31:21,930 --> 00:31:23,363
or 12 seconds.

531
00:31:23,364 --> 00:31:26,700
And the survey goes on
for months at a time.

532
00:31:26,701 --> 00:31:28,436
If you were listening in the ocean,

533
00:31:28,437 --> 00:31:30,871
you could hear the regular
explosions of these sounds

534
00:31:30,872 --> 00:31:33,173
coming from Africa, South America,

535
00:31:33,174 --> 00:31:35,342
Great Britain, Canada.

536
00:31:35,343 --> 00:31:41,014
And now it's also
invading into the Arctic.

537
00:31:41,015 --> 00:31:42,483
Airguns have been shown to have

538
00:31:42,484 --> 00:31:46,286
an enormous environmental footprint.

539
00:31:46,287 --> 00:31:48,989
In baleen whales, the great whales,

540
00:31:48,990 --> 00:31:51,925
they have been shown to silence animals.

541
00:31:51,926 --> 00:31:55,469
They've been shown
to cause animals to flee, uh,

542
00:31:55,470 --> 00:31:59,206
large areas of habitat.

543
00:31:59,207 --> 00:32:02,175
The areas we're talking about
are enormous... in some cases,

544
00:32:02,176 --> 00:32:03,877
documented over literally

545
00:32:03,878 --> 00:32:06,614
hundreds of thousands of...
of square miles.

546
00:32:14,088 --> 00:32:18,125
These companies are able
to take resources

547
00:32:18,126 --> 00:32:20,360
from the global commons...

548
00:32:20,361 --> 00:32:22,630
Hydrocarbons, in this case...

549
00:32:22,631 --> 00:32:24,632
And exploit those

550
00:32:24,633 --> 00:32:30,871
and damage the ocean ecosystem
without cost.

551
00:32:30,872 --> 00:32:34,876
That, to me, is intolerable.

552
00:32:39,080 --> 00:32:42,115
The sound of seismic
prospecting for oil and gas

553
00:32:42,116 --> 00:32:44,552
is changing life in the oceans.

554
00:32:44,553 --> 00:32:46,319
But it's also changing life for people

555
00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:49,458
who depend on the oceans,
living on land.

556
00:32:52,093 --> 00:32:55,068
This coast has made

557
00:32:55,069 --> 00:32:59,973
thousands of generations
able to survive.

558
00:32:59,974 --> 00:33:05,413
All my relatives
before me lived from this.

559
00:33:05,414 --> 00:33:08,082
I've been a fisherman for many years.

560
00:33:18,159 --> 00:33:21,962
What is happening now
is a disaster to us.

561
00:33:21,963 --> 00:33:26,967
Oil industry is hunting oil
and gas on our fishing grounds.

562
00:33:29,037 --> 00:33:32,105
Catches immediately were reduced

563
00:33:32,106 --> 00:33:35,075
by 60 percent.

564
00:33:35,076 --> 00:33:36,844
This was massive.

565
00:33:36,845 --> 00:33:39,480
And this was clearly
the seismic shootings,

566
00:33:39,481 --> 00:33:41,682
the blastings.

567
00:33:41,683 --> 00:33:45,385
Then, after some time,
not coming back...

568
00:33:45,386 --> 00:33:47,855
It's not coming back.
Why is that so?

569
00:33:47,856 --> 00:33:48,922
It should come back

570
00:33:48,923 --> 00:33:51,592
if everything was normal in the sea.

571
00:33:51,593 --> 00:33:54,101
If this is going to... to go on,

572
00:33:54,102 --> 00:33:56,269
those blastings in the sea,

573
00:33:56,270 --> 00:33:58,472
in all the world's sea,

574
00:33:58,473 --> 00:34:00,508
we are going to kill ourselves
in the end.

575
00:34:00,509 --> 00:34:03,944
Because we are killing our food.

576
00:34:03,945 --> 00:34:06,179
This is happening all around...
around the world.

577
00:34:06,180 --> 00:34:08,682
We know it.
But we...

578
00:34:08,683 --> 00:34:11,853
It seems like we are not able
to do anything about it.

579
00:34:13,325 --> 00:34:14,726
We've been successful before

580
00:34:15,127 --> 00:34:17,161
in acting to protect the health
of the oceans

581
00:34:17,762 --> 00:34:20,764
and the largest animals on Earth.

582
00:34:20,965 --> 00:34:23,366
There was a time when the oil of whales

583
00:34:23,367 --> 00:34:27,570
was the natural resource
used to fuel our world.

584
00:34:27,571 --> 00:34:29,973
The great whales were literally pushed

585
00:34:29,974 --> 00:34:31,908
to the brink of extinction

586
00:34:31,909 --> 00:34:33,744
when everything was fair game.

587
00:34:33,745 --> 00:34:35,646
It was a total horror story.

588
00:34:35,847 --> 00:34:38,314
What happened in the early 20th century

589
00:34:38,315 --> 00:34:41,151
is that that practice
became industrialized.

590
00:34:41,152 --> 00:34:44,554
Whalers started using
large factory ships.

591
00:34:44,555 --> 00:34:48,491
And they began decimating populations.

592
00:34:48,492 --> 00:34:50,766
The consequences of human consumption

593
00:34:50,767 --> 00:34:53,103
were apparent to legendary oceanographer

594
00:34:53,104 --> 00:34:56,572
Jacques Cousteau, who battled
against commercial whaling.

595
00:34:56,573 --> 00:34:59,675
Most countries agreed to stop
whaling in the 1980s,

596
00:34:59,676 --> 00:35:03,479
and some whale populations
have rebounded since then.

597
00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:07,117
Jacques' son, Jean‐Michel,
driven by a similar passion

598
00:35:07,118 --> 00:35:09,953
for the oceans and the largest
animals on Earth,

599
00:35:09,954 --> 00:35:12,256
continues his father's legacy.

600
00:35:14,859 --> 00:35:16,359
My father, when I was a kid,

601
00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:18,361
created a movie, very well‐known,

602
00:35:18,362 --> 00:35:22,198
which has put the ocean
in everybody's home,

603
00:35:22,199 --> 00:35:24,101
called "the silent world."

604
00:35:30,707 --> 00:35:32,575
Well, it was pretty silent then.

605
00:35:32,576 --> 00:35:36,246
The big difference
between the past and today

606
00:35:36,247 --> 00:35:40,016
is that we've created a lot of noise.

607
00:35:40,017 --> 00:35:43,487
I wish we were making music,
but we're not.

608
00:35:45,289 --> 00:35:46,756
When you're in a place

609
00:35:46,757 --> 00:35:49,525
where there may be whales and dolphins,

610
00:35:49,526 --> 00:35:51,968
put a mask on with a snorkel.

611
00:35:51,969 --> 00:35:55,305
Go in 5 feet of water

612
00:35:55,306 --> 00:35:58,741
and close your eyes and listen.

613
00:36:01,445 --> 00:36:03,247
It's fascinating.

614
00:36:06,483 --> 00:36:11,721
My first real encounter
with a whale was in Patagonia.

615
00:36:11,722 --> 00:36:15,258
The first time I saw a really,
really friendly humpback whale

616
00:36:15,259 --> 00:36:17,127
was at silver bank, Dominican Republic.

617
00:36:17,128 --> 00:36:21,797
It was three humpback whales in Hawaii.

618
00:36:21,798 --> 00:36:24,868
When we first came to Hanson island,

619
00:36:24,869 --> 00:36:26,702
we brought a little kayak along with us.

620
00:36:26,703 --> 00:36:30,073
And I started paddling around
with the whales

621
00:36:30,074 --> 00:36:32,843
to see if I could understand
more about them.

622
00:36:32,844 --> 00:36:35,812
We had two guys onboard.

623
00:36:35,813 --> 00:36:38,348
They were just, sort of,
like, space cadets.

624
00:36:38,349 --> 00:36:41,117
One of 'em was a... a Vietnam vet

625
00:36:41,118 --> 00:36:43,753
that had been shot
I don't know how many times.

626
00:36:43,754 --> 00:36:45,321
And had... every bone in his body

627
00:36:45,322 --> 00:36:47,924
had some kinda metal plate or shrapnel.

628
00:36:47,925 --> 00:36:49,926
Anyway, he just wanted
to see a whale, you know?

629
00:36:49,927 --> 00:36:51,634
And we're telling him, "well,
you're on the wrong trip, guy.

630
00:36:51,635 --> 00:36:53,202
We're not gonna get near one."

631
00:36:53,203 --> 00:36:55,972
Big fog bank came in and surrounded me.

632
00:36:55,973 --> 00:36:58,507
And I got totally lost.

633
00:36:58,508 --> 00:36:59,775
I didn't know what to do.

634
00:36:59,776 --> 00:37:01,110
I didn't know where the whales were.

635
00:37:01,111 --> 00:37:02,411
I didn't know where I was.

636
00:37:02,412 --> 00:37:05,314
The current was taking me.

637
00:37:05,315 --> 00:37:06,850
I had my flute onboard.

638
00:37:06,851 --> 00:37:09,385
And I picked up my flute
and started play,

639
00:37:09,386 --> 00:37:11,387
probably to calm me down.

640
00:37:11,388 --> 00:37:14,524
And after a few minutes,
uh, the whales came by.

641
00:37:14,525 --> 00:37:16,792
As they were moving,
they were coming toward me.

642
00:37:16,793 --> 00:37:18,862
They could've gone somewhere else.

643
00:37:18,863 --> 00:37:20,496
They knew I was there.

644
00:37:20,497 --> 00:37:23,934
And all of a sudden, I felt
something under my flippers.

645
00:37:23,935 --> 00:37:25,435
And then the whale came under the boat

646
00:37:25,436 --> 00:37:27,237
and the first mate was freaking out,

647
00:37:27,238 --> 00:37:29,105
like they're all gonna die.

648
00:37:29,106 --> 00:37:31,975
And just lifted me out of the water.

649
00:37:31,976 --> 00:37:35,145
Whale lifted the boat
up on its back and, you know,

650
00:37:35,146 --> 00:37:36,679
it was clear out of the water.

651
00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:38,648
I put down my flute
and picked up the paddle

652
00:37:38,649 --> 00:37:40,550
and started following them.

653
00:37:40,551 --> 00:37:43,820
And, uh, after a little while,
I got lost again.

654
00:37:43,821 --> 00:37:46,122
So I stopped paddling
and picked up my flute

655
00:37:46,123 --> 00:37:47,790
and started playing it.

656
00:37:47,791 --> 00:37:49,867
And they came back around me again.

657
00:37:56,140 --> 00:37:59,509
And I dove down,

658
00:37:59,510 --> 00:38:00,911
and I looked her in the eye.

659
00:38:00,912 --> 00:38:02,979
We were looking at each other.

660
00:38:02,980 --> 00:38:05,681
When you look in the eyes
of a whale, uh,

661
00:38:05,682 --> 00:38:07,717
they're actually looking...

662
00:38:07,718 --> 00:38:10,453
They're seeing your soul, you know?

663
00:38:10,454 --> 00:38:13,624
And if you're perceptive,
you'll see their soul.

664
00:38:19,730 --> 00:38:21,764
And I reached out and touched her.

665
00:38:21,765 --> 00:38:23,733
I could have touched them.

666
00:38:23,734 --> 00:38:27,838
Took its flipper, and just...

667
00:38:27,839 --> 00:38:30,573
Laid it on the head of this guy

668
00:38:30,574 --> 00:38:33,409
from... you know, the guy
that was all shot up.

669
00:38:33,410 --> 00:38:34,777
You know, he was just so excited.

670
00:38:34,778 --> 00:38:35,778
He was sitting there playing

671
00:38:35,779 --> 00:38:37,580
with the barnacles and stuff on it.

672
00:38:37,581 --> 00:38:39,682
And... and the first mate was thinking,

673
00:38:39,683 --> 00:38:42,318
well, he's gonna get
his head chopped off.

674
00:38:42,319 --> 00:38:46,289
When you are little wee, wee
diver there,

675
00:38:46,290 --> 00:38:48,324
they know you're there.

676
00:38:48,325 --> 00:38:51,935
They flip them and fold them back.

677
00:38:51,936 --> 00:38:56,907
Because they're totally aware
of your presence.

678
00:38:56,908 --> 00:38:59,010
And they don't wanna hurt you.

679
00:39:01,345 --> 00:39:03,980
Finally, uh, I came to an island

680
00:39:03,981 --> 00:39:05,381
that loomed up out of the fog,

681
00:39:05,382 --> 00:39:08,551
and landed and waited
until the fog cleared.

682
00:39:08,552 --> 00:39:10,987
And I would say, one of the...

683
00:39:10,988 --> 00:39:13,857
One of the profound experiences I had...

684
00:39:13,858 --> 00:39:16,059
To me, these are some of the most, uh,

685
00:39:16,060 --> 00:39:18,394
emotional experiences I've had.

686
00:39:18,395 --> 00:39:19,830
That was it.
I was in love.

687
00:39:19,831 --> 00:39:21,797
Right?
It was... that was it.

688
00:39:31,909 --> 00:39:33,409
I was listening to the noise

689
00:39:33,410 --> 00:39:36,246
that sea mammals and fish
are all subjected to,

690
00:39:36,247 --> 00:39:37,680
which was painful to me.

691
00:39:37,681 --> 00:39:40,783
I... I can see that it would...
it would cause a...

692
00:39:40,784 --> 00:39:43,553
A psychosis, you know?

693
00:39:43,554 --> 00:39:45,356
Day after day...

694
00:39:48,159 --> 00:39:51,802
Hearing really developed
as an animal detection system,

695
00:39:51,803 --> 00:39:56,172
the primary means
of establishing an alert

696
00:39:56,173 --> 00:39:58,508
that you had to get away,
get away quickly.

697
00:39:58,509 --> 00:40:01,477
Because really, it was a matter
of flight or hide is...

698
00:40:01,478 --> 00:40:03,980
Were your only modes of survival.

699
00:40:03,981 --> 00:40:08,151
Our system's stress in response to noise

700
00:40:08,152 --> 00:40:11,554
comes from this environmentally
animal necessity

701
00:40:11,555 --> 00:40:12,989
of avoiding a threat.

702
00:40:12,990 --> 00:40:16,993
So we hear sirens on the street...

703
00:40:16,994 --> 00:40:18,862
Every one of those sirens,
it can be shown,

704
00:40:18,863 --> 00:40:21,397
you're going to get
some elevation in heart rate,

705
00:40:21,398 --> 00:40:25,035
some vasoconstriction,
release of stress hormones.

706
00:40:25,036 --> 00:40:28,304
All of these different stress
markers happen to you.

707
00:40:28,305 --> 00:40:33,343
So we're getting this barrage of stress

708
00:40:33,344 --> 00:40:35,045
even when we don't perceive it as such.

709
00:40:35,046 --> 00:40:37,180
If you've ever been

710
00:40:37,181 --> 00:40:39,515
in an incredibly loud club

711
00:40:39,516 --> 00:40:41,251
or a loud party or a loud restaurant,

712
00:40:41,252 --> 00:40:42,652
and there was a moment when you actually

713
00:40:42,653 --> 00:40:44,988
felt vertigo and nausea

714
00:40:44,989 --> 00:40:46,289
because you didn't think

715
00:40:46,290 --> 00:40:48,424
that you could survive
there another moment,

716
00:40:48,425 --> 00:40:50,167
and you burst out the door...

717
00:40:53,938 --> 00:40:55,939
Imagine what it is for
these marine species

718
00:40:55,940 --> 00:40:58,875
that have no door
to pass through to get away.

719
00:40:58,876 --> 00:41:00,744
There's nowhere to go.

720
00:41:06,783 --> 00:41:09,319
Few years ago, there were
a group of researchers

721
00:41:09,320 --> 00:41:11,254
who had been taking fecal samples

722
00:41:11,255 --> 00:41:14,257
of North Atlantic right whales.

723
00:41:14,258 --> 00:41:16,759
They saw something really funny

724
00:41:16,760 --> 00:41:20,063
in their data taken from 2001.

725
00:41:20,064 --> 00:41:24,701
Those fecal samples registered
fewer and fewer stress hormones.

726
00:41:26,203 --> 00:41:27,737
They looked more closely

727
00:41:27,738 --> 00:41:30,874
and they found that their samples

728
00:41:30,875 --> 00:41:32,775
seemed to turn around
at a particular date.

729
00:41:32,776 --> 00:41:40,217
And that was September 11th.

730
00:41:44,758 --> 00:41:46,124
After September 11th,

731
00:41:46,125 --> 00:41:49,268
there was a halt
to so much of shipping traffic.

732
00:41:49,269 --> 00:41:52,238
And that fall in shipping traffic

733
00:41:52,239 --> 00:41:57,175
seemed to correlate with a dramatic fall

734
00:41:57,176 --> 00:41:59,312
in stress hormones in right whales.

735
00:41:59,313 --> 00:42:01,780
They didn't see this in any other year.

736
00:42:01,781 --> 00:42:04,850
There's a direct,
significant correlation

737
00:42:04,851 --> 00:42:07,520
between the amount of ship noise

738
00:42:07,521 --> 00:42:08,687
and the physiology

739
00:42:08,688 --> 00:42:13,058
and the stress levels in these animals.

740
00:42:13,059 --> 00:42:15,828
It's a devastating finding.

741
00:42:15,829 --> 00:42:19,031
It's shocking
because it's so measurable,

742
00:42:19,032 --> 00:42:21,801
what was found
in the wake of the attacks.

743
00:42:27,274 --> 00:42:29,742
One of the first things
they teach you at,

744
00:42:29,743 --> 00:42:31,677
uh, the naval officer academy

745
00:42:31,678 --> 00:42:34,880
is he who rules the ocean,

746
00:42:34,881 --> 00:42:37,883
rules the world.

747
00:42:37,884 --> 00:42:39,719
And it's true.

748
00:42:43,156 --> 00:42:46,158
I talked a friend
into going for a flight

749
00:42:46,159 --> 00:42:48,634
the following morning of the stranding.

750
00:42:48,635 --> 00:42:52,104
We searched around
and found more specimens.

751
00:42:52,105 --> 00:42:55,808
But we also saw military ships,

752
00:42:55,809 --> 00:42:57,210
U.S. Navy destroyer

753
00:42:57,211 --> 00:43:00,513
and some other warships.

754
00:43:00,514 --> 00:43:03,917
So then I just put the two
and two together.

755
00:43:06,786 --> 00:43:09,288
The missing piece
of the puzzle for Ken balcomb

756
00:43:09,289 --> 00:43:11,023
was the U. S. Navy,

757
00:43:11,024 --> 00:43:12,658
an institution he had served in

758
00:43:12,659 --> 00:43:16,462
with distinction
during his early career.

759
00:43:16,463 --> 00:43:19,298
The warships were bouncing their sonars

760
00:43:19,299 --> 00:43:23,136
with very high intensity
and frequency sound.

761
00:43:26,806 --> 00:43:31,109
A screeching tone is hard to listen to.

762
00:43:31,110 --> 00:43:35,248
It's just overpowering.

763
00:43:35,249 --> 00:43:37,316
I can't imagine anything more absurd

764
00:43:37,317 --> 00:43:41,321
than dropping acoustic bombs
in downtown cities.

765
00:43:42,756 --> 00:43:44,624
It's... it's equivalent.

766
00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:48,901
Naval warships use a technique

767
00:43:48,902 --> 00:43:51,169
that mimics the natural abilities

768
00:43:51,170 --> 00:43:53,171
of whales and dolphins.

769
00:43:53,172 --> 00:43:56,275
They'll send out a click

770
00:43:56,276 --> 00:43:58,977
and listen for the echo off a target,

771
00:43:58,978 --> 00:44:00,313
and know how far away it is

772
00:44:00,314 --> 00:44:04,016
and how fast it's moving
and even what kinda target.

773
00:44:04,017 --> 00:44:06,685
Sonar is the principal
submarine detection system

774
00:44:06,686 --> 00:44:07,953
used by the U. S. Navy

775
00:44:07,954 --> 00:44:10,257
and other navies of the world.

776
00:44:13,793 --> 00:44:16,194
Joel Reynolds has spent
much of his career

777
00:44:16,195 --> 00:44:19,299
fighting in the courts
to protect the oceans.

778
00:44:22,536 --> 00:44:26,439
The Navy developed
something called active sonar.

779
00:44:26,440 --> 00:44:28,507
And this is the system
that they use to protect

780
00:44:28,508 --> 00:44:32,379
our massive aircraft carriers
with 5,000 sailors on them.

781
00:44:35,882 --> 00:44:37,516
In its simplest terms,

782
00:44:37,517 --> 00:44:40,853
it involves generating
extremely loud sound underwater

783
00:44:40,854 --> 00:44:42,589
to detect targets.

784
00:44:46,092 --> 00:44:47,900
It's in a sweep.

785
00:44:47,901 --> 00:44:50,636
So when the sweep
is pointed right at you,

786
00:44:50,637 --> 00:44:53,539
you get the full intensity of it.

787
00:44:53,540 --> 00:44:57,543
And then, about a minute
later, it does it again.

788
00:44:57,544 --> 00:44:59,845
We began to investigate.

789
00:44:59,846 --> 00:45:02,147
We learned that they had no permits.

790
00:45:02,148 --> 00:45:04,417
They'd done no environmental reviews.

791
00:45:04,418 --> 00:45:06,485
There were no safeguards,

792
00:45:06,486 --> 00:45:07,886
uh, built into the program

793
00:45:07,887 --> 00:45:11,224
to protect the marine environment.

794
00:45:11,225 --> 00:45:14,627
The impact of active sonar
on whales and dolphins

795
00:45:14,628 --> 00:45:17,530
has been clearly documented
in the Bahamas case

796
00:45:17,531 --> 00:45:21,567
and others where animals
have been killed.

797
00:45:21,568 --> 00:45:25,170
When biologists have
studied their bodies,

798
00:45:25,171 --> 00:45:29,975
they have seen an array
of very disturbing pathologies.

799
00:45:29,976 --> 00:45:32,245
Bleeding around the brain, uh,

800
00:45:32,246 --> 00:45:34,247
lesions in organ tissue,

801
00:45:34,248 --> 00:45:36,382
all consistent with,

802
00:45:36,383 --> 00:45:39,586
uh, decompression sickness or the bends.

803
00:45:42,589 --> 00:45:47,092
Divers know that they have
to surface gradually, uh,

804
00:45:47,093 --> 00:45:50,002
when they're ending a dive.

805
00:45:50,003 --> 00:45:53,439
Otherwise, nitrogen
can build up in the blood

806
00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:57,410
to the point where it damages the body.

807
00:45:57,411 --> 00:45:58,877
That is precisely

808
00:45:58,878 --> 00:46:02,915
what seems to be
happening to beaked whales.

809
00:46:02,916 --> 00:46:05,518
They're deep‐water animals,

810
00:46:05,519 --> 00:46:08,487
all of a sudden
they just leave the water.

811
00:46:08,488 --> 00:46:10,724
And now they can't decompress.

812
00:46:12,759 --> 00:46:14,827
After the Bahamas strandings occurred,

813
00:46:14,828 --> 00:46:17,330
the Navy denied it was involved.

814
00:46:17,331 --> 00:46:19,432
It took the better part of 2 years

815
00:46:19,433 --> 00:46:21,967
for it to admit culpability.

816
00:46:21,968 --> 00:46:23,536
The chief of naval operations,

817
00:46:23,537 --> 00:46:24,970
the head guy,

818
00:46:24,971 --> 00:46:27,340
was convinced, finally,

819
00:46:27,341 --> 00:46:30,809
that, uh, yeah, that it's their fault.

820
00:46:30,810 --> 00:46:32,579
They did it.

821
00:46:35,982 --> 00:46:37,916
There are many other navies in the world

822
00:46:37,917 --> 00:46:39,985
that use this same kind of technology

823
00:46:39,986 --> 00:46:42,120
to detect submarines.

824
00:46:42,121 --> 00:46:45,391
Many of them follow our lead, of course.

825
00:46:45,392 --> 00:46:49,368
It's a global problem
in its truest sense.

826
00:46:49,369 --> 00:46:51,904
Probably the most visible effect

827
00:46:51,905 --> 00:46:53,672
of ocean noise, uh,

828
00:46:53,673 --> 00:46:56,775
has been this series of mass strandings

829
00:46:56,776 --> 00:47:00,313
of whales on the beaches
around the world.

830
00:47:00,314 --> 00:47:02,381
Time and again, in the Bahamas,

831
00:47:02,382 --> 00:47:06,118
in the canary islands,
off Spain, off Greece,

832
00:47:06,119 --> 00:47:11,590
they have turned up along the coast.

833
00:47:11,591 --> 00:47:14,827
The Navy was acting lawlessly
for years, uh,

834
00:47:14,828 --> 00:47:18,564
before we started taking them to court.

835
00:47:18,565 --> 00:47:22,535
It's not an easy thing to...
to fight the U. S. Navy.

836
00:47:22,536 --> 00:47:25,170
I think a lot of us look at the Navy

837
00:47:25,171 --> 00:47:27,406
as people acting in the public interest.

838
00:47:27,407 --> 00:47:30,042
And it's a little painful
to have to go after them.

839
00:47:30,043 --> 00:47:32,010
But once we did, uh,

840
00:47:32,011 --> 00:47:33,979
they started doing
environmental reviews.

841
00:47:33,980 --> 00:47:36,048
They started getting permits.

842
00:47:36,049 --> 00:47:38,050
They started a research program

843
00:47:38,051 --> 00:47:40,986
which is now the largest source

844
00:47:40,987 --> 00:47:45,157
of marine mammal research funds,
probably, on the planet.

845
00:47:45,158 --> 00:47:49,802
The trick is to get the Navy
to move beyond research.

846
00:47:49,803 --> 00:47:51,404
We're at the point

847
00:47:51,405 --> 00:47:53,372
where we know enough to say

848
00:47:53,373 --> 00:47:55,408
that the Navy has to do more

849
00:47:55,409 --> 00:47:58,411
to reduce harm from its exercises.

850
00:47:58,412 --> 00:48:00,479
We don't believe
there's an inconsistency

851
00:48:00,480 --> 00:48:04,317
between defending the United States

852
00:48:04,318 --> 00:48:06,219
and protecting the environment.

853
00:48:06,220 --> 00:48:10,357
Whales and other marine life
should not die for practice.

854
00:48:13,327 --> 00:48:15,861
Three years after the Bahamas stranding,

855
00:48:15,862 --> 00:48:17,730
Ken balcomb was watching orcas

856
00:48:17,731 --> 00:48:21,199
from his new home in Washington state.

857
00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:24,270
The ship was about 3 miles out.

858
00:48:24,271 --> 00:48:28,041
It was just, like, deja vu
of the Bahamas.

859
00:48:34,083 --> 00:48:36,718
Three years after the Bahamas stranding,

860
00:48:36,719 --> 00:48:38,486
Ken balcomb was watching orcas

861
00:48:38,487 --> 00:48:41,389
from his new home in Washington state.

862
00:48:41,390 --> 00:48:45,400
It was just, like,
deja vu of the Bahamas.

863
00:48:45,401 --> 00:48:48,804
Uh, I was just dumbfounded.

864
00:48:48,805 --> 00:48:50,571
Yeah.

865
00:49:02,551 --> 00:49:04,419
Shut the damn thing off.

866
00:49:11,193 --> 00:49:14,395
Before the ship
started utilizing its sonar,

867
00:49:14,396 --> 00:49:16,364
the whales were feeding at salmon bank,

868
00:49:16,365 --> 00:49:18,433
south end of this island.

869
00:49:18,434 --> 00:49:20,201
Something very unusual was happening.

870
00:49:20,202 --> 00:49:22,671
All the whales
gathered together in groups

871
00:49:22,672 --> 00:49:25,573
and went very close to the shore.

872
00:49:25,574 --> 00:49:27,242
We started seeing every porpoise.

873
00:49:27,243 --> 00:49:29,845
They were all just streaking,

874
00:49:29,846 --> 00:49:32,948
as fast as they could go,
away from the sound.

875
00:49:32,949 --> 00:49:37,085
And a minke whale was going
away from the sound.

876
00:49:37,086 --> 00:49:39,955
Navy sonar is like an enormous predator.

877
00:49:39,956 --> 00:49:43,925
When whales hear it,
some go silent, stop foraging

878
00:49:43,926 --> 00:49:47,035
and abandon their habitat.

879
00:49:47,036 --> 00:49:52,007
Repeated exposure to sonar
can harm whole populations.

880
00:49:52,008 --> 00:49:54,876
You didn't have to have
a hydrophone to hear the sonar.

881
00:49:54,877 --> 00:49:59,380
It was virtually unbearable
for us on the porch.

882
00:49:59,381 --> 00:50:03,484
I can't imagine what it must've
been like underwater.

883
00:50:03,485 --> 00:50:06,688
In the following days, 11 porpoises

884
00:50:06,689 --> 00:50:10,458
were found on the beach, dead.

885
00:50:10,459 --> 00:50:13,695
You know, one of the complaints
from an admiral was that,

886
00:50:13,696 --> 00:50:17,633
"well, you know,
we can't worry about the fish."

887
00:50:17,634 --> 00:50:20,101
Nobody comes in the Navy,
that I know of,

888
00:50:20,102 --> 00:50:22,904
to say they wanna hurt a whale.

889
00:50:22,905 --> 00:50:24,773
When I was in the Navy, I had the honor

890
00:50:24,774 --> 00:50:26,708
of commanding 3 warships...

891
00:50:26,709 --> 00:50:28,944
The commodore of 13 warships

892
00:50:28,945 --> 00:50:34,249
and then chief of staff
of naval surface forces.

893
00:50:34,250 --> 00:50:38,419
If you know that there is
a whale in the area,

894
00:50:38,420 --> 00:50:40,121
unless you're at war,

895
00:50:40,122 --> 00:50:43,224
you're... you're trying
to avoid using those sonars.

896
00:50:46,135 --> 00:50:49,304
Mid‐frequency sonar can be pretty loud.

897
00:50:49,305 --> 00:50:53,441
Putting sound in the water
can have an impact

898
00:50:53,442 --> 00:50:57,212
upon whales and other mammals
that inhabit the ocean.

899
00:50:57,213 --> 00:50:59,815
It's also important to understand

900
00:50:59,816 --> 00:51:03,451
that what the sound is looking for

901
00:51:03,452 --> 00:51:05,621
are a potential enemy

902
00:51:05,622 --> 00:51:08,790
whose intent is to kill sailors

903
00:51:08,791 --> 00:51:11,326
and destroy our ships.

904
00:51:11,327 --> 00:51:12,527
What's at stake

905
00:51:12,528 --> 00:51:15,330
if we are not good
at anti‐submarine warfare

906
00:51:15,331 --> 00:51:17,232
is not only the threat

907
00:51:17,233 --> 00:51:19,801
of loss of life of America's
sons and daughters

908
00:51:19,802 --> 00:51:21,269
and our friends and allies,

909
00:51:21,270 --> 00:51:24,172
but also those capital ships
that we invest in.

910
00:51:24,173 --> 00:51:25,741
Ships are expensive,

911
00:51:25,742 --> 00:51:28,043
and obviously human beings
can't be replaced.

912
00:51:28,044 --> 00:51:31,781
So we have to be very good
at anti‐submarine warfare.

913
00:51:33,149 --> 00:51:35,516
I don't believe that National Security

914
00:51:35,517 --> 00:51:38,754
and Environmental Protection
are inconsistent at all.

915
00:51:38,755 --> 00:51:41,389
I think there has to be an accommodation

916
00:51:41,390 --> 00:51:43,591
between those two principles,

917
00:51:43,592 --> 00:51:46,167
where the Navy can operate in a way

918
00:51:46,168 --> 00:51:49,537
that has the minimal impact
upon the environment

919
00:51:49,538 --> 00:51:52,007
and still perform its training

920
00:51:52,008 --> 00:51:54,043
and, if necessary, its mission.

921
00:51:58,280 --> 00:52:02,017
We all value security.

922
00:52:02,018 --> 00:52:05,086
We have to think of security,
however, in the broader terms

923
00:52:05,087 --> 00:52:07,856
of what we're doing
to our life support system.

924
00:52:07,857 --> 00:52:10,425
And that means considering
life in the ocean

925
00:52:10,426 --> 00:52:13,194
as a part of what makes
our lives possible.

926
00:52:22,872 --> 00:52:25,440
We can't support the human population,

927
00:52:25,441 --> 00:52:28,376
at the rate we're growing,

928
00:52:28,377 --> 00:52:31,079
with a diminishing ecosystem.

929
00:52:37,687 --> 00:52:39,487
And they're the sentinels
of whether or not

930
00:52:39,488 --> 00:52:41,389
it's healthy out there.

931
00:52:41,390 --> 00:52:45,300
Killing 'em off is not sensible.

932
00:52:45,301 --> 00:52:47,703
The typical mode
that we all have is status quo.

933
00:52:47,704 --> 00:52:49,871
It's easier, in some ways,
not to do anything

934
00:52:49,872 --> 00:52:52,273
than it is do something.

935
00:52:52,274 --> 00:52:54,375
So, we are at this tipping point.

936
00:52:54,376 --> 00:52:57,212
This is a problem that we can solve.

937
00:52:57,213 --> 00:52:59,848
The question is whether we have
the political will to solve it.

938
00:52:59,849 --> 00:53:03,518
That's really what it comes down to.

939
00:53:03,519 --> 00:53:06,221
I attended a shipping
conference not long ago

940
00:53:06,222 --> 00:53:09,424
where the organizers started
the conference by saying,

941
00:53:09,425 --> 00:53:12,293
"if only we knew 50 years ago

942
00:53:12,294 --> 00:53:15,631
what we know today
about sound in the ocean,

943
00:53:15,632 --> 00:53:18,033
we could design propellers

944
00:53:18,034 --> 00:53:22,270
that are not only much quieter,
but are more efficient."

945
00:53:22,271 --> 00:53:24,640
Designing a quieter ship

946
00:53:24,641 --> 00:53:27,575
will result in
increased fuel efficiency,

947
00:53:27,576 --> 00:53:30,578
which is reduced cost to the owner.

948
00:53:30,579 --> 00:53:32,848
We're talking about ships
that have fuel costs,

949
00:53:32,849 --> 00:53:34,515
on a per‐vessel basis,

950
00:53:34,516 --> 00:53:36,618
tens of millions of dollars a year.

951
00:53:36,619 --> 00:53:38,954
So, designing more efficient vessels

952
00:53:38,955 --> 00:53:41,289
just makes a whole lot of sense.

953
00:53:41,290 --> 00:53:43,959
It is in the U. S. Navy's best interest

954
00:53:43,960 --> 00:53:47,669
to be as quiet as possible
when we operate at sea.

955
00:53:47,670 --> 00:53:49,771
Hull forms are changing dramatically

956
00:53:49,772 --> 00:53:51,873
over the last several decades.

957
00:53:51,874 --> 00:53:53,508
And you can just look out and see

958
00:53:53,509 --> 00:53:56,377
that you have
more catamaran‐shaped hulls,

959
00:53:56,378 --> 00:54:00,181
where you have less metal
actually in the water.

960
00:54:00,182 --> 00:54:02,117
And so that is reducing the sound

961
00:54:02,118 --> 00:54:03,719
and also reduces the friction,

962
00:54:03,720 --> 00:54:07,588
which means that it's
more fuel‐efficient and quieter.

963
00:54:07,589 --> 00:54:11,359
Researchers and Navies
have been modifying their ships

964
00:54:11,360 --> 00:54:14,062
to reduce noise for... for years.

965
00:54:14,063 --> 00:54:16,564
Commercial ships can reduce the noise

966
00:54:16,565 --> 00:54:20,035
that they put in the water
by some 90 percent.

967
00:54:20,036 --> 00:54:22,838
That's significant.

968
00:54:22,839 --> 00:54:26,642
Another way to reduce the noise
is go a little slower.

969
00:54:26,643 --> 00:54:28,910
Chris Clark also advocates

970
00:54:28,911 --> 00:54:30,612
speed limits for cargo ships

971
00:54:30,613 --> 00:54:32,848
as well as rerouting shipping lanes

972
00:54:32,849 --> 00:54:35,416
where they are clearly
impacting habitats.

973
00:54:35,417 --> 00:54:38,453
The average waiting time for a ship

974
00:54:38,454 --> 00:54:40,088
when it gets to port,

975
00:54:40,089 --> 00:54:42,724
before it unloads its cargo,

976
00:54:42,725 --> 00:54:44,225
is 3 days.

977
00:54:44,226 --> 00:54:47,535
Wouldn't it make sense
to maybe go a little slower

978
00:54:47,536 --> 00:54:50,338
and save billions of dollars
in fuel costs?

979
00:54:50,339 --> 00:54:53,208
And then when you get to shore
you have a very efficient system

980
00:54:53,209 --> 00:54:55,043
of getting your cargo off the ship,

981
00:54:55,044 --> 00:54:57,613
rather than sitting there for 3 days.

982
00:54:57,614 --> 00:55:01,282
So reducing noise could be
a win‐win‐win.

983
00:55:01,283 --> 00:55:05,586
A win for marine mammals having
to deal with noise in the ocean.

984
00:55:05,587 --> 00:55:08,056
A win for the climate and for humans

985
00:55:08,057 --> 00:55:09,891
who have to deal with air pollution.

986
00:55:09,892 --> 00:55:11,392
And even a...

987
00:55:11,393 --> 00:55:14,096
A win for industry, saving money
over the life of a ship.

988
00:55:19,404 --> 00:55:21,472
In terms of human life,
there is a threat

989
00:55:21,473 --> 00:55:25,009
that they have to prepare for
and then practice for.

990
00:55:25,010 --> 00:55:27,278
I think they should avoid the problems.

991
00:55:27,279 --> 00:55:29,247
And you avoid 'em by not practicing

992
00:55:29,248 --> 00:55:32,950
in where you know sensitive animals are.

993
00:55:32,951 --> 00:55:35,986
Breeding areas, feeding areas,
migratory routes...

994
00:55:35,987 --> 00:55:39,557
When there are animals present,
test someplace else.

995
00:55:43,402 --> 00:55:47,005
We are searching harder every day

996
00:55:47,006 --> 00:55:51,075
for more and more oil everywhere.

997
00:55:51,076 --> 00:55:52,843
So if there are... there is a technology

998
00:55:52,844 --> 00:55:54,778
to make it less, uh,

999
00:55:54,779 --> 00:55:57,948
abusive to the... to the Sonic World,

1000
00:55:57,949 --> 00:55:59,583
then we should...
We should embrace that,

1001
00:55:59,584 --> 00:56:01,085
no matter what the cost.

1002
00:56:01,086 --> 00:56:03,321
Are there alternative technologies,

1003
00:56:03,322 --> 00:56:06,390
other than setting off
a bomb every 9 seconds,

1004
00:56:06,391 --> 00:56:08,459
that are available to us today?

1005
00:56:08,460 --> 00:56:11,229
And the answer is, you bet there are.

1006
00:56:11,230 --> 00:56:15,733
And you can be profoundly
quieter than the explosion.

1007
00:56:15,734 --> 00:56:17,935
For example,
there's an emerging technology

1008
00:56:17,936 --> 00:56:21,872
called marine vibroseis that
doesn't produce an explosion.

1009
00:56:21,873 --> 00:56:25,243
It produces a continuous,
very low‐frequency sound

1010
00:56:25,244 --> 00:56:29,247
that is thousands of times less
intense and less invasive

1011
00:56:29,248 --> 00:56:31,049
than an explosion.

1012
00:56:31,050 --> 00:56:35,253
And it also produces
a much higher resolution image

1013
00:56:35,254 --> 00:56:36,754
of the Earth.

1014
00:56:36,755 --> 00:56:38,256
It won't cure the problem.

1015
00:56:38,257 --> 00:56:39,657
There will still be impacts.

1016
00:56:39,658 --> 00:56:41,800
But it would at least reduce the fever.

1017
00:56:44,436 --> 00:56:46,204
The one good thing about ocean noise

1018
00:56:46,205 --> 00:56:48,572
is that when you stop making noise,

1019
00:56:48,573 --> 00:56:50,575
it goes away.

1020
00:57:02,354 --> 00:57:04,688
I've always believed,
from the very beginning

1021
00:57:04,689 --> 00:57:07,658
of my struggle, my fight, that we...

1022
00:57:07,659 --> 00:57:09,461
We are going to win this.

1023
00:57:11,596 --> 00:57:14,432
I have become a grandfather.

1024
00:57:14,433 --> 00:57:18,802
I'm all the time thinking about
who is coming behind us.

1025
00:57:18,803 --> 00:57:21,039
Our children, our grandchildren

1026
00:57:21,040 --> 00:57:24,275
and who comes behind them.

1027
00:57:24,276 --> 00:57:26,410
What are we leaving
for the next generations?

1028
00:57:26,411 --> 00:57:29,913
Will they survive?

1029
00:57:29,914 --> 00:57:31,482
Things that we could not know,

1030
00:57:31,483 --> 00:57:34,918
going back 50 years ago,
now are coming into focus.

1031
00:57:36,319 --> 00:57:39,022
The ocean, through all of human history,

1032
00:57:39,023 --> 00:57:42,493
has made it possible for us to thrive,

1033
00:57:42,494 --> 00:57:45,870
to live, to have a secure future.

1034
00:57:46,071 --> 00:57:47,571
We can't go back.

1035
00:57:47,572 --> 00:57:50,408
But we can make things
better going forward.

1036
00:57:50,409 --> 00:57:54,578
This is the time to return the favor.

1037
00:57:54,579 --> 00:57:58,516
My father used to say,
"people protect what they love."

1038
00:57:58,517 --> 00:57:59,950
And I kept telling him,

1039
00:57:59,951 --> 00:58:03,454
"how can you protect
what you don't understand?"

1040
00:58:03,455 --> 00:58:05,889
And now we're starting to understand.

1041
00:58:05,890 --> 00:58:07,291
And that information,

1042
00:58:07,292 --> 00:58:09,927
we need to bring it everywhere,
in every school.

1043
00:58:09,928 --> 00:58:12,764
We need to get the kids out, wet.

1044
00:58:19,738 --> 00:58:22,106
I have a daughter who's 4 1/2,

1045
00:58:22,107 --> 00:58:24,408
and she hasn't seen a whale yet.

1046
00:58:24,409 --> 00:58:26,344
And I wanna make sure
that she sees a whale

1047
00:58:26,345 --> 00:58:28,412
and that her kids
see whales and their kids

1048
00:58:28,413 --> 00:58:29,680
see whales.

1049
00:58:29,681 --> 00:58:31,849
Oh, my God!

1050
00:58:31,850 --> 00:58:36,787
Oh, my God!

1051
00:58:36,788 --> 00:58:38,756
Look at his belly!
Look at the white!

1052
00:58:38,757 --> 00:58:42,666
Wow! Whoa!

1053
00:58:42,667 --> 00:58:44,436
Oh, my God!

1054
00:58:48,240 --> 00:58:50,774
Okay, that might have been
one of the greater moments

1055
00:58:50,775 --> 00:58:52,143
of my life.

1056
00:58:52,144 --> 00:58:55,013
There's something incredible
about that experience.

1057
00:58:55,014 --> 00:58:57,115
And the planet is not just about us.

1058
00:58:57,116 --> 00:59:00,751
We're... we're one species here.

1059
00:59:00,752 --> 00:59:03,221
And it's incredibly irresponsible for us

1060
00:59:03,222 --> 00:59:06,190
not to be better stewards.

1061
00:59:06,191 --> 00:59:08,592
And it's not about science...
Science plays a role in it.

1062
00:59:08,593 --> 00:59:10,261
You use science.

1063
00:59:10,262 --> 00:59:12,363
But it really comes down
to, what do we...

1064
00:59:12,364 --> 00:59:13,597
What do we value?

1065
00:59:13,598 --> 00:59:16,201
We value a living ocean.

1066
00:59:19,204 --> 00:59:21,539
We're putting the ocean at risk.

1067
00:59:21,540 --> 00:59:23,174
And if you put the ocean at risk,

1068
00:59:23,175 --> 00:59:25,444
you're putting all of us at risk.

1069
00:59:42,872 --> 00:59:51,760
Resynced and correcred by
H@w-to-kiLL @subscene.com