1 00:00:07,841 --> 00:00:10,175 ΒΆΒΆ 2 00:00:19,085 --> 00:00:23,422 MAN: There aren't many really wild places left in Ireland. 3 00:00:23,424 --> 00:00:26,225 But on the Shannon River, you still get that feeling 4 00:00:26,227 --> 00:00:28,494 no one's ever been there before. 5 00:00:28,496 --> 00:00:32,865 I want to see this river in all its moods 6 00:00:32,867 --> 00:00:34,633 in every season -- 7 00:00:34,635 --> 00:00:37,136 not just how it looks, but how it sounds, 8 00:00:37,138 --> 00:00:40,806 how it feels -- I want to find the hidden places 9 00:00:40,808 --> 00:00:43,008 and the hidden creatures living there. 10 00:01:07,300 --> 00:01:09,935 I'm going to have no fixed agenda, 11 00:01:09,937 --> 00:01:12,704 just want to wander. 12 00:01:12,706 --> 00:01:17,342 Wander and explore. 13 00:01:23,716 --> 00:01:27,252 This river is a lifeline for countless creatures 14 00:01:27,254 --> 00:01:30,422 who shelter in and around its waters. 15 00:01:30,424 --> 00:01:35,427 I'm going to follow them, see where they take me. 16 00:02:02,956 --> 00:02:07,459 [Birds singing] 17 00:02:07,461 --> 00:02:11,513 [Soundtrack playing over] 18 00:02:17,821 --> 00:02:20,389 [Paddle stirring water] 19 00:02:33,970 --> 00:02:37,606 MAN: Early mornings for me are some of the best times. 20 00:02:37,608 --> 00:02:39,141 The dawn chorus comes 21 00:02:39,143 --> 00:02:41,743 and the reeds are full of birdsong, 22 00:02:41,745 --> 00:02:44,179 and it's a wonderful, happy time. 23 00:03:03,166 --> 00:03:06,835 It's a great time to be on the Shannon. 24 00:03:06,837 --> 00:03:08,203 It's a time to find food, 25 00:03:08,205 --> 00:03:11,006 'cause you've been building up an appetite all night. 26 00:03:11,008 --> 00:03:14,643 Time to find a mate... 27 00:03:14,645 --> 00:03:17,045 A time to declare your intentions. 28 00:03:17,047 --> 00:03:19,948 This is still my patch, 29 00:03:19,950 --> 00:03:21,817 this is my part of this riverbank. 30 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:33,862 It's a wonderful, peaceful time of day. 31 00:03:33,864 --> 00:03:37,466 And the light! 32 00:03:37,468 --> 00:03:40,202 If you're out there at sunrise, 33 00:03:40,204 --> 00:03:43,772 sometimes the light is so, so special. 34 00:03:54,284 --> 00:03:59,288 Spring on the Shannon -- the great awakening. 35 00:03:59,290 --> 00:04:03,959 And there's such a sense of purpose in the air. 36 00:04:03,961 --> 00:04:07,663 The orange tip butterfly is one of the first of the season, 37 00:04:07,665 --> 00:04:08,964 and it's a real sign 38 00:04:08,966 --> 00:04:10,999 that spring is here. 39 00:04:12,302 --> 00:04:16,738 Just a couple of months ago, all this was under water. 40 00:04:16,740 --> 00:04:18,273 And then the water recedes 41 00:04:18,275 --> 00:04:20,642 and they sort of appear out of nowhere 42 00:04:20,644 --> 00:04:22,778 and colonize these watery meadows. 43 00:04:22,780 --> 00:04:25,781 They're the most perfect little creature -- 44 00:04:25,783 --> 00:04:27,849 their wings are so delicate 45 00:04:27,851 --> 00:04:32,087 and the colors are so rich. 46 00:04:34,090 --> 00:04:36,692 These must be some of the most beautiful 47 00:04:36,694 --> 00:04:39,628 natural wildflower meadows left in the country. 48 00:04:39,630 --> 00:04:41,964 Never seen herbicides or pesticides -- 49 00:04:41,966 --> 00:04:44,132 it's just the way this rough 50 00:04:44,134 --> 00:04:46,868 grassland/farmland used to look in Ireland. 51 00:04:46,870 --> 00:04:50,172 The landscape really hasn't changed, 52 00:04:50,174 --> 00:04:54,042 but there is something missing. 53 00:04:54,044 --> 00:04:56,812 This place should be resounding to the cries 54 00:04:56,814 --> 00:04:59,881 of the wading birds -- the lapwing and the curlew 55 00:04:59,883 --> 00:05:02,384 and the ringed plover, the red shank... 56 00:05:02,386 --> 00:05:03,852 But they've all gone. 57 00:05:03,854 --> 00:05:07,155 They've all disappeared 58 00:05:07,157 --> 00:05:11,259 within about the last 20 or 30, 40 years. 59 00:05:11,261 --> 00:05:14,730 Some people blame the mink for this emptiness. 60 00:05:14,732 --> 00:05:18,700 Ground-nesting birds, their little chicks and the eggs 61 00:05:18,702 --> 00:05:22,270 have no protection against a predator like that. 62 00:05:22,272 --> 00:05:24,673 But you know, 63 00:05:24,675 --> 00:05:29,845 nature tends to be more complex than that. 64 00:05:29,847 --> 00:05:33,281 The real reason sometimes for the rise and fall 65 00:05:33,283 --> 00:05:37,285 of different creatures can be very hard to identify. 66 00:05:40,189 --> 00:05:43,258 Our countryside has changed dramatically 67 00:05:43,260 --> 00:05:45,060 in the last few decades, 68 00:05:45,062 --> 00:05:48,897 and I guess the river is just reflecting that change. 69 00:05:54,537 --> 00:05:58,774 Now, you can travel for mile upon mile on this river 70 00:05:58,776 --> 00:06:02,110 and never hear the sound of the curlew, 71 00:06:02,112 --> 00:06:03,578 t t call of the lapwing, 72 00:06:03,580 --> 00:06:03,645 or the whistle of the redshank. 73 00:06:03,647 --> 00:06:05,447 t t call of the lapwing, 74 00:06:05,449 --> 00:06:08,617 It's all gone. 75 00:06:12,789 --> 00:06:15,624 It's very, very few and far between. 76 00:06:15,626 --> 00:06:18,994 There are one or two places left in the river 77 00:06:18,996 --> 00:06:21,730 where they still nest successfully. 78 00:06:25,868 --> 00:06:30,372 These low-lying fields are known as the Callows. 79 00:06:30,374 --> 00:06:35,143 This is exactly what birds like curlew and redshank and lapwing 80 00:06:35,145 --> 00:06:36,411 need to breed, 81 00:06:36,413 --> 00:06:40,415 and that...is the warning call of a redshank. 82 00:06:40,417 --> 00:06:42,884 He says I'm too close. 83 00:06:42,886 --> 00:06:43,985 [Calling] 84 00:06:43,987 --> 00:06:45,554 And it's a call 85 00:06:45,556 --> 00:06:48,256 that just says, "Potential danger, 86 00:06:48,258 --> 00:06:50,625 await further instructions." 87 00:06:50,627 --> 00:06:54,963 Now, if I was to get close, if I was to get out of the boat, 88 00:06:54,965 --> 00:06:58,366 you'd hear a very different call, and that other call 89 00:06:58,368 --> 00:07:00,102 is the real warning -- it says, "Not only have we 90 00:07:00,104 --> 00:07:01,536 spotted danger, but we actually have to 91 00:07:01,538 --> 00:07:03,839 react to it right now," 92 00:07:03,841 --> 00:07:05,941 and it's a particular call they make, 93 00:07:05,943 --> 00:07:08,110 it's sort of a lovely, flutey whistle. 94 00:07:08,112 --> 00:07:10,412 And that tells the chick to go straight for cover. 95 00:07:10,414 --> 00:07:15,050 They're relying completely on the parent's vigilance. 96 00:07:15,052 --> 00:07:20,155 People sometimes call them the guard dogs of the Callows. 97 00:07:20,157 --> 00:07:22,591 I have a friend who lives s st 98 00:07:22,593 --> 00:07:25,260 of the west of Ireland that, the only way to get to his house 99 00:07:25,262 --> 00:07:26,928 is on foot, 100 00:07:26,930 --> 00:07:28,897 and he can always tell if there are visitors on the way 101 00:07:28,899 --> 00:07:30,799 because he'll hear that redshank calling, 102 00:07:30,801 --> 00:07:32,901 and he'll know there'll be a knock on his door 103 00:07:32,903 --> 00:07:34,836 ten minutes later. 104 00:07:34,838 --> 00:07:37,772 So... 105 00:07:42,345 --> 00:07:43,945 I don't see this as 106 00:07:43,947 --> 00:07:45,847 a journey from source to sea, 107 00:07:45,849 --> 00:07:49,451 I see it very much as a wander around the entire system. 108 00:07:49,453 --> 00:07:53,889 I want to be on different parts of the river 109 00:07:53,891 --> 00:07:57,259 at different times of the year. 110 00:08:05,134 --> 00:08:07,502 I've lived in Ireland most of my life, 111 00:08:07,504 --> 00:08:09,738 and I guess the Shannon is something 112 00:08:09,740 --> 00:08:13,141 I feel I've taken for granted. 113 00:08:13,143 --> 00:08:16,011 I mean, this is the longest river in Britain and Ireland, 114 00:08:16,013 --> 00:08:18,313 and it divides our country in two, 115 00:08:18,315 --> 00:08:21,416 from sort of the wilder west to the gentler east. 116 00:08:21,418 --> 00:08:23,752 You have this feeling of crossing the Shannon, 117 00:08:23,754 --> 00:08:26,321 you know you're going to another part of the country. 118 00:08:29,926 --> 00:08:31,793 You learn in your geography books 119 00:08:31,795 --> 00:08:33,728 it's something over 200 miles long, 120 00:08:33,730 --> 00:08:35,430 but it's much more than that. 121 00:08:35,432 --> 00:08:37,832 The tentacles of the river fan out, 122 00:08:37,834 --> 00:08:40,869 and it's all the little streams and rivers that make it up. 123 00:08:40,871 --> 00:08:42,804 They come from all over the country, 124 00:08:42,806 --> 00:08:44,573 feeding into this central basin. 125 00:08:44,575 --> 00:08:48,777 This river has such a great sense of history. 126 00:08:48,779 --> 00:08:52,247 There are signs of our past all over 127 00:08:52,249 --> 00:08:56,518 this water system. 128 00:08:56,520 --> 00:08:58,486 It reminds you of how time passes 129 00:08:58,488 --> 00:09:00,488 and the lives that were once here, 130 00:09:00,490 --> 00:09:04,159 and you have to sort of wonder, what will we leave behind? 131 00:09:12,668 --> 00:09:15,036 Will the monoliths of the Celtic Tiger 132 00:09:15,038 --> 00:09:17,339 look as romantic as the castle ruins? 133 00:09:21,877 --> 00:09:24,145 I don't think so. 134 00:09:38,427 --> 00:09:43,765 [Animal calling] 135 00:10:18,734 --> 00:10:21,336 [Squeaking] 136 00:10:27,043 --> 00:10:31,846 Bats are one of the most unappreciated of creatures. 137 00:10:31,848 --> 00:10:35,950 There are so many nasty stories associated with bats. 138 00:10:35,952 --> 00:10:39,921 When you hear these stories and you see the movies, 139 00:10:39,923 --> 00:10:41,423 it's always about vampires, 140 00:10:41,425 --> 00:10:43,391 and giving them a bad reputation. 141 00:10:43,393 --> 00:10:46,661 And that somehow seems to get ingrained in our consciousness. 142 00:10:48,898 --> 00:10:51,466 They are utterly harmless to human beings -- 143 00:10:51,468 --> 00:10:53,234 absolutely harm-- and they're not just 144 00:10:53,236 --> 00:10:54,769 harm less to us, 145 00:10:54,771 --> 00:10:55,937 they really benefit. 146 00:10:55,939 --> 00:10:57,839 I mean, any -- any creature that goes round 147 00:10:57,841 --> 00:11:00,475 scooping up midges in their thousands is a friend of mine, 148 00:11:00,477 --> 00:11:02,143 because some nights on the river, 149 00:11:02,145 --> 00:11:04,179 you wish you'd had an entire swarm of bats 150 00:11:04,181 --> 00:11:06,014 accompanying you every place you went. 151 00:11:08,150 --> 00:11:10,785 We have about 30 mammals in Ireland, 152 00:11:10,787 --> 00:11:13,388 and ten of them are bats. 153 00:11:13,390 --> 00:11:16,758 If only we could totally reverse the way that many of us see them 154 00:11:16,760 --> 00:11:19,327 and look at them as the incredibly well-adapted, 155 00:11:19,329 --> 00:11:21,563 sort of, ancient creatatates that they are. 156 00:11:32,274 --> 00:11:34,109 These are Daubenton's bats -- 157 00:11:34,111 --> 00:11:36,444 they're known commonly as water bats, 158 00:11:36,446 --> 00:11:37,712 and that's because 159 00:11:37,714 --> 00:11:40,849 they are perfectly adapted for life on the river. 160 00:11:40,851 --> 00:11:43,318 If you look really closely, 161 00:11:43,320 --> 00:11:48,289 you can see the odd one just flitting by really fast. 162 00:11:48,291 --> 00:11:49,624 And what they are doing is 163 00:11:49,626 --> 00:11:51,893 they are hunting over the water's surface -- 164 00:11:51,895 --> 00:11:53,795 they are looking for little insects 165 00:11:53,797 --> 00:11:55,930 which are caught on the top of the water. 166 00:11:55,932 --> 00:11:58,433 As they struggle to free themselves 167 00:11:58,435 --> 00:12:01,403 from that surface tension, they make little ripples. 168 00:12:01,405 --> 00:12:04,239 And what the bats are doing now, they are echolocating, 169 00:12:04,241 --> 00:12:06,875 finding where those little ripples are coming from, 170 00:12:06,877 --> 00:12:08,943 and they can sort of scoop up the insects -- 171 00:12:08,945 --> 00:12:10,178 either with their tail 172 00:12:10,180 --> 00:12:11,579 or with their feet. 173 00:12:11,581 --> 00:12:14,582 They have extra-big feet, and they use those to just 174 00:12:14,584 --> 00:12:18,086 lift the struggling insect from the surface of the river. 175 00:12:18,088 --> 00:12:22,090 Flitting back and forth there. 176 00:12:26,495 --> 00:12:27,996 The bats themselves 177 00:12:27,998 --> 00:12:32,600 live, I guess, in a different world. 178 00:12:32,602 --> 00:12:35,437 They perceive the world in a different way to me. 179 00:12:35,439 --> 00:12:37,806 Although their eyesight is as good as mine, 180 00:12:37,808 --> 00:12:41,075 it's not much good to you when you're flying about in the dark. 181 00:12:41,077 --> 00:12:43,211 So, as they fly up and down the river, 182 00:12:43,213 --> 00:12:45,113 they have their mouths wide open, 183 00:12:45,115 --> 00:12:46,848 and they're effectively, sort of, 184 00:12:46,850 --> 00:12:48,316 screaming at the water 185 00:12:48,318 --> 00:12:50,952 and waiting for that echo to come back. 186 00:12:50,954 --> 00:12:53,988 And that's how they discern their environment, 187 00:12:53,990 --> 00:12:56,658 that's how they see where they're going. 188 00:12:56,660 --> 00:13:00,128 Incredible creatures. 189 00:13:02,331 --> 00:13:05,400 Beautiful creatures. 190 00:13:35,965 --> 00:13:38,967 This weather is really tough on the creatures 191 00:13:38,969 --> 00:13:40,602 that live off the river. 192 00:13:40,604 --> 00:13:43,738 This wind has been really continuously blowing now 193 00:13:43,740 --> 00:13:45,406 for over a month. 194 00:13:45,408 --> 00:13:47,675 Not quite what I had in my mind's eye 195 00:13:47,677 --> 00:13:50,078 when I set out on -- on this journey -- 196 00:13:50,080 --> 00:13:51,813 I imagined those lovely, fine, 197 00:13:51,815 --> 00:13:54,349 April evenings as the days start to lengthen, 198 00:13:54,351 --> 00:13:56,451 just listening to the birds singing, 199 00:13:56,453 --> 00:13:58,520 maybe sitting by a little campfire. 200 00:13:58,522 --> 00:14:00,622 But for the last four or five weeks, 201 00:14:00,624 --> 00:14:03,725 I've just been huddled down like all the other creatures, 202 00:14:03,727 --> 00:14:07,228 waiting for this spell of weather 203 00:14:07,230 --> 00:14:10,265 to pass on. 204 00:14:10,267 --> 00:14:13,968 This year, this weather came at just the wrong time. 205 00:14:13,970 --> 00:14:15,169 There should be 206 00:14:15,171 --> 00:14:16,571 great hatches of insects -- 207 00:14:16,573 --> 00:14:18,139 and not just for the birds, 208 00:14:18,141 --> 00:14:20,174 but for the fish and everything, too. 209 00:14:20,176 --> 00:14:21,776 They -- you know, everything is feeding voraciously 210 00:14:21,778 --> 00:14:23,211 at this time of year. 211 00:14:23,213 --> 00:14:26,581 For nesting birds, it's not just that the parents 212 00:14:26,583 --> 00:14:29,651 might not be able to supply their chicks with enough food, 213 00:14:29,653 --> 00:14:32,887 but the chicks get actively hammered 214 00:14:32,889 --> 00:14:36,324 by the wind and the rain. 215 00:14:36,326 --> 00:14:38,826 [Calling] 216 00:14:38,828 --> 00:14:41,829 But then it'll be amazing if the conditions do pass, 217 00:14:41,831 --> 00:14:43,431 and the first sunny morning, 218 00:14:43,433 --> 00:14:45,967 the whole place will just come alive again. 219 00:16:18,227 --> 00:16:20,695 There's nothing like traveling on the river, 220 00:16:20,697 --> 00:16:22,897 there's just that feeling of, sort of, 221 00:16:22,899 --> 00:16:24,165 peace and tranquility. 222 00:16:24,167 --> 00:16:26,334 You can kind of drift in and out of animals' lives, 223 00:16:26,336 --> 00:16:28,202 and they don't even know you've been there. 224 00:16:28,204 --> 00:16:31,472 You don't disturb them. 225 00:16:42,251 --> 00:16:45,353 When I'm paddling my canoe, I'm just wondering 226 00:16:45,355 --> 00:16:48,623 what's happening beneath me. 227 00:16:48,625 --> 00:16:49,957 That whole cycle of life, 228 00:16:49,959 --> 00:16:52,093 things meeting and mating and breeding, 229 00:16:52,095 --> 00:16:54,162 and thing killing each other -- 230 00:16:54,164 --> 00:16:56,531 that's all happening in the water, 231 00:16:56,533 --> 00:16:59,133 but it's something that's hidden to us. 232 00:17:02,771 --> 00:17:04,772 There's one fish that's found 233 00:17:04,774 --> 00:17:07,809 throughout this river system, seldom seen, 234 00:17:07,811 --> 00:17:12,847 but at this time of year their presence becomes obvious, 235 00:17:12,849 --> 00:17:15,550 and that's because it's mating time. 236 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:21,756 People call them the barracuda of the Shannon. 237 00:17:21,758 --> 00:17:23,691 It's very much the creature 238 00:17:23,693 --> 00:17:28,362 that, if you were a fish, you'd want to avoid. 239 00:17:28,364 --> 00:17:32,400 They're superbly adapted for their environment. 240 00:17:32,402 --> 00:17:35,803 They can move very, very fast if they have to. 241 00:17:35,805 --> 00:17:38,873 Any fish that comes within striking range 242 00:17:38,875 --> 00:17:42,410 has no chance whatsoever. 243 00:17:42,412 --> 00:17:46,314 Some people look at predators as being 244 00:17:46,316 --> 00:17:48,816 cruel and this sort of thing, but that's really not the case. 245 00:17:48,818 --> 00:17:50,718 If you were an animal 246 00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:53,054 that's been injured in nature, 247 00:17:53,056 --> 00:17:54,555 be you a deer in the forest -- 248 00:17:54,557 --> 00:17:55,990 if you've got a tiger round, 249 00:17:55,992 --> 00:17:58,025 the tiger will kill and injure deer -- 250 00:17:58,027 --> 00:18:00,328 if it breaks a leg, instead of dying slowly, 251 00:18:00,330 --> 00:18:02,130 a tiger will spot it and kill it. 252 00:18:02,132 --> 00:18:05,133 And the pike are sitting there at the bottom of the lake, 253 00:18:05,135 --> 00:18:07,568 they're just not randomly chasing any fish -- 254 00:18:07,570 --> 00:18:10,872 they're looking for the ones which are moving a bit slowly 255 00:18:10,874 --> 00:18:13,508 or aren't doing so well, so, they're, um, 256 00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:15,276 maybe sort of like an anesthetic -- 257 00:18:15,278 --> 00:18:17,145 they put people out of their misery -- 258 00:18:17,147 --> 00:18:18,813 they put fish out of their misery. 259 00:18:30,092 --> 00:18:32,960 People are always talking about climates and changing, 260 00:18:32,962 --> 00:18:35,630 and these are changing, and that sort of thing -- 261 00:18:35,632 --> 00:18:37,365 the natural world doesn't lie. 262 00:18:41,303 --> 00:18:44,906 You can see an increase in temperature. 263 00:18:44,908 --> 00:18:46,574 Things are moving 264 00:18:46,576 --> 00:18:48,676 north and west all the time, 265 00:18:48,678 --> 00:18:50,778 because they're able to tolerate 266 00:18:50,780 --> 00:18:53,614 living in those sort of warmer conditions 267 00:18:53,616 --> 00:18:55,449 that are now on offer there. 268 00:19:00,923 --> 00:19:03,324 So, you'll get this gradual influx in species, 269 00:19:03,326 --> 00:19:05,493 and the Shannon is going to, you know -- 270 00:19:05,495 --> 00:19:08,029 things are going to start being able to live here 271 00:19:08,031 --> 00:19:11,065 that couldn't live here before. 272 00:19:33,789 --> 00:19:35,590 I remember the first time I saw egrets, 273 00:19:35,592 --> 00:19:38,559 it was in the south of Spain, and I thought they were 274 00:19:38,561 --> 00:19:40,728 the most exotic thing I'd ever seen. 275 00:19:40,730 --> 00:19:42,430 I was walking up in the hills 276 00:19:42,432 --> 00:19:44,699 and I came over by this little lake, 277 00:19:44,701 --> 00:19:48,102 and there were these beautiful, pure white birds 278 00:19:48,104 --> 00:19:50,438 wading around in the shallows. 279 00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:52,707 And I couldn't quite believe what I was seeing, 280 00:19:52,709 --> 00:19:55,376 and little did I know that, within, I suppose, 20 years, 281 00:19:55,378 --> 00:19:57,478 that those birds would have made it to Ireland, 282 00:19:57,480 --> 00:19:59,413 and they're breeding alongside our herons. 283 00:19:59,415 --> 00:20:01,315 That's something I never thought I'd see. 284 00:20:01,317 --> 00:20:06,053 [Birds calling] 285 00:20:06,055 --> 00:20:07,555 There's something about herons, too, 286 00:20:07,557 --> 00:20:09,090 when you see them sort of hunched-up, 287 00:20:09,092 --> 00:20:10,725 they can look sort of a little bit angry, 288 00:20:10,727 --> 00:20:12,360 a little bit, sort of, fed up with life. 289 00:20:12,362 --> 00:20:15,129 The egrets are like, 290 00:20:15,131 --> 00:20:17,531 the new, beautiful cousins have just come along, 291 00:20:17,533 --> 00:20:20,001 and they're kind of taking their limelight or something. 292 00:20:20,003 --> 00:20:21,769 And they seem to put up with them. 293 00:20:21,771 --> 00:20:24,405 And the egrets, I guess, are just so much more elegant. 294 00:20:31,213 --> 00:20:32,813 Everything seems 295 00:20:32,815 --> 00:20:34,382 very calm -- it's as if they've been 296 00:20:34,384 --> 00:20:35,816 living together all their lives. 297 00:20:35,818 --> 00:20:39,086 The two species seem to, sort of, 298 00:20:39,088 --> 00:20:41,956 accept each other's presence... even though they must be 299 00:20:41,958 --> 00:20:45,726 in competition for feeding sites and nesting sites. 300 00:20:45,728 --> 00:20:49,230 My guess is there's so many fish in the river 301 00:20:49,232 --> 00:20:52,600 that there's no big competition. 302 00:20:52,602 --> 00:20:55,770 [Birds calling] 303 00:21:01,310 --> 00:21:04,712 Great sounds. 304 00:21:04,714 --> 00:21:07,548 One of the parents has just come in 305 00:21:07,550 --> 00:21:10,351 and they're all just going for it. 306 00:21:10,353 --> 00:21:15,356 It's a real survival of the fittest. 307 00:21:15,358 --> 00:21:18,693 All the chicks have to be on their feet, as it were, 308 00:21:18,695 --> 00:21:21,395 and scrambling for food, and that's what it's -- 309 00:21:21,397 --> 00:21:23,698 it's known as "scramble competition" -- 310 00:21:23,700 --> 00:21:25,633 you've got to make your presence 311 00:21:25,635 --> 00:21:28,169 known to your parents so that you'll be fed, 312 00:21:28,171 --> 00:21:30,371 because if the parent doesn't spot you 313 00:21:30,373 --> 00:21:32,673 and you start missing out on your meals, 314 00:21:32,675 --> 00:21:35,176 you'll end up getting weak and not making it. 315 00:21:46,855 --> 00:21:50,691 My fear is that little guy has no chance, 316 00:21:50,693 --> 00:21:52,927 no future. 317 00:21:58,700 --> 00:22:01,736 It's sad. 318 00:22:01,738 --> 00:22:05,639 Nature can be tough. 319 00:23:00,629 --> 00:23:02,630 [Bird calling] 320 00:23:02,632 --> 00:23:06,567 That's a sound now that's really rare in these parts. 321 00:23:06,569 --> 00:23:09,003 That's a corncrake. 322 00:23:09,005 --> 00:23:10,237 [Calling] 323 00:23:10,239 --> 00:23:12,740 I remember the days when they were so common, 324 00:23:12,742 --> 00:23:15,643 they were found in pretty much every field in Ireland. 325 00:23:15,645 --> 00:23:17,178 And I used to listen to them 326 00:23:17,180 --> 00:23:19,447 just a few miles from Dublin city center 327 00:23:19,449 --> 00:23:22,116 when I was growing up, but now they've really 328 00:23:22,118 --> 00:23:24,552 disappeared from so much of the country. 329 00:23:24,554 --> 00:23:29,290 When you cut silage, you cut it early in the season. 330 00:23:29,292 --> 00:23:30,991 So, when you have 331 00:23:30,993 --> 00:23:33,828 a bird like the corncrake that nests in long grass, 332 00:23:33,830 --> 00:23:36,797 it's just gotten to the stage of finding a mate 333 00:23:36,799 --> 00:23:39,400 and the female's sitting on their nests, 334 00:23:39,402 --> 00:23:40,734 sitting on her eggs, 335 00:23:40,736 --> 00:23:43,337 and that's when the grass cutters arrive. 336 00:23:43,339 --> 00:23:45,639 So, they don't have time to raise their young, 337 00:23:45,641 --> 00:23:47,575 so year on year, corncrakes have just 338 00:23:47,577 --> 00:23:49,443 disappeared all over the country -- 339 00:23:49,445 --> 00:23:51,045 and it happened very quickly. 340 00:23:51,047 --> 00:23:52,913 And here on the Shannon they've been making 341 00:23:52,915 --> 00:23:54,882 a bit of a stand down on the Shannon Callows, 342 00:23:54,884 --> 00:23:59,019 probably because that land was used a little less intensively 343 00:23:59,021 --> 00:24:01,455 than other parts of the country. 344 00:24:01,457 --> 00:24:05,526 And unfortunately, they've done really badly the last few years, 345 00:24:05,528 --> 00:24:07,128 and I've heard this year 346 00:24:07,130 --> 00:24:11,999 that there's actually just one male left calling. 347 00:24:12,001 --> 00:24:15,102 [Calling] 348 00:24:15,104 --> 00:24:18,672 He's calling to establish a territory, 349 00:24:18,674 --> 00:24:22,443 but to let a female know that he's about. 350 00:24:22,445 --> 00:24:24,145 Because if you're a corncrake 351 00:24:24,147 --> 00:24:26,313 wandering round in the deep grass, 352 00:24:26,315 --> 00:24:27,848 you can't find each other. 353 00:24:27,850 --> 00:24:30,384 So, it's up to him to call in the female. 354 00:24:30,386 --> 00:24:33,120 And if there's a receptive female in the area, 355 00:24:33,122 --> 00:24:35,523 she should come and have a look at him. 356 00:24:35,525 --> 00:24:38,559 But it seems very likely, very possible, 357 00:24:38,561 --> 00:24:40,895 that there's no one out there for him. 358 00:24:40,897 --> 00:24:43,764 [Corncrake calling in distance] 359 00:24:43,766 --> 00:24:46,333 When I go to sleep tonight, 360 00:24:46,335 --> 00:24:47,935 there's a good chance 361 00:24:47,937 --> 00:24:50,104 when I wake up in the morning 362 00:24:50,106 --> 00:24:53,207 that little guy is still going to be calling, 363 00:24:53,209 --> 00:24:56,277 because the only thing on his mind right now 364 00:24:56,279 --> 00:24:58,579 is finding a mate -- that's why 365 00:24:58,581 --> 00:25:00,881 he's flown here all the way from Africa. 366 00:25:00,883 --> 00:25:02,183 He doesn't know that 367 00:25:02,185 --> 00:25:03,751 there aren't any other corncrakes here. 368 00:25:03,753 --> 00:25:07,555 He doesn't know that there aren't any females. 369 00:25:07,557 --> 00:25:10,991 Poor little guy out there alone. 370 00:25:10,993 --> 00:25:14,461 [Corncrake calling] 371 00:25:14,463 --> 00:25:18,332 He'll be calling all night. 372 00:25:18,334 --> 00:25:22,469 All day, too, probably, if he doesn't have any luck. 373 00:25:33,915 --> 00:25:38,686 Shannon's going to flow through this area, now, 374 00:25:38,688 --> 00:25:41,589 and not hear that call again. 375 00:25:41,591 --> 00:25:45,025 [Calling] 376 00:26:39,748 --> 00:26:42,016 It's like being in another world. 377 00:26:42,018 --> 00:26:44,551 Very peaceful, 378 00:26:44,553 --> 00:26:48,188 just the sounds of the reeds themselves, 379 00:26:48,190 --> 00:26:50,557 blowing gently in the wind, and... 380 00:26:50,559 --> 00:26:54,862 But all this activity that's going on that's unseen, 381 00:26:54,864 --> 00:26:59,700 all the birds building their little platform floating nests, 382 00:26:59,702 --> 00:27:02,670 sitting on eggs, chicks hatching, 383 00:27:02,672 --> 00:27:04,605 that's all going on now all around here. 384 00:27:04,607 --> 00:27:06,206 Just by listening to the sounds, 385 00:27:06,208 --> 00:27:10,411 you can tell that's what's going on. 386 00:27:10,413 --> 00:27:13,814 None of the residents in here can see each other, either. 387 00:27:13,816 --> 00:27:16,617 [Birds calling, water splashing ] 388 00:27:16,619 --> 00:27:18,886 So, that's why they're constantly calling. 389 00:27:18,888 --> 00:27:21,655 Letting each other know where they are. 390 00:27:21,657 --> 00:27:25,359 Contact calling -- it's lovely to hear. 391 00:27:29,331 --> 00:27:32,766 There's always one animal every year 392 00:27:32,768 --> 00:27:35,969 that sort of somehow gets into your mind 393 00:27:35,971 --> 00:27:38,105 and just starts to fascinate you, 394 00:27:38,107 --> 00:27:40,808 and for me it's been the great crested grebe. 395 00:27:48,049 --> 00:27:51,251 The eggs hatch on different days, because as soon as 396 00:27:51,253 --> 00:27:54,988 the first egg is laid, the female starts incubating it. 397 00:27:59,627 --> 00:28:02,129 Both parents are very diligent. 398 00:28:02,131 --> 00:28:06,467 They have these amazing parental instincts. 399 00:28:29,190 --> 00:28:30,424 The little grebe chicks 400 00:28:30,426 --> 00:28:32,459 must be some of the cutest chicks on the river. 401 00:28:32,461 --> 00:28:34,328 Their beautiful little striped pattern, 402 00:28:34,330 --> 00:28:39,199 so different looking than their parents. 403 00:28:39,201 --> 00:28:43,070 Grebe parents will actually pluck their own feathers 404 00:28:43,072 --> 00:28:46,540 and feed them to the chicks. 405 00:28:46,542 --> 00:28:50,377 It's a remarkable thing to see. 406 00:29:00,021 --> 00:29:03,824 Beautiful birds. 407 00:29:43,998 --> 00:29:47,534 Amazing how the whole world seems to have gone silent now. 408 00:29:47,536 --> 00:29:51,071 It's -- every year I notice around the 15th of July or so, 409 00:29:51,073 --> 00:29:53,941 it's as if someone had just flicked a switch. 410 00:29:53,943 --> 00:29:55,776 The Shannon is no different -- 411 00:29:55,778 --> 00:29:58,212 all the birds just stop making noise. 412 00:29:58,214 --> 00:30:00,614 And that's 'cause the breeding season is over 413 00:30:00,616 --> 00:30:02,616 and they don't have to sing anymore, 414 00:30:02,618 --> 00:30:05,853 they don't any longer have to defend breeding territories, 415 00:30:05,855 --> 00:30:09,289 they don't have to attract females. 416 00:30:09,291 --> 00:30:14,761 There's no reason to sing, and that's why they've stopped. 417 00:30:14,763 --> 00:30:18,899 But it really seems to happen over a matter of a week or so, 418 00:30:18,901 --> 00:30:21,535 it just, suddenly, just goes quiet. 419 00:30:21,537 --> 00:30:24,571 Absolutely quiet. 420 00:31:18,626 --> 00:31:20,360 The greatest angler 421 00:31:20,362 --> 00:31:22,262 on the river has got to be the kingfisher. 422 00:31:22,264 --> 00:31:25,365 They're just master fishermen -- and they've got to be, 423 00:31:25,367 --> 00:31:27,167 because they can pretty much eat 424 00:31:27,169 --> 00:31:29,570 their own body weight in food every day. 425 00:31:31,072 --> 00:31:33,106 Most of the time, you just see 426 00:31:33,108 --> 00:31:35,342 a flash of blue. 427 00:31:35,344 --> 00:31:37,444 But to really see how beautiful they are, 428 00:31:37,446 --> 00:31:38,979 you've got to slow them down. 429 00:33:37,565 --> 00:33:40,600 I'm starting to see subtle changes in color 430 00:33:40,602 --> 00:33:42,636 on the riverbanks. 431 00:33:42,638 --> 00:33:47,040 Autumn isn't far away. 432 00:34:37,825 --> 00:34:40,327 Great to see the red squirrels around. 433 00:34:40,329 --> 00:34:44,831 The Shannon, which formed a barrier to people long ago, 434 00:34:44,833 --> 00:34:48,034 has been really important for the red squirrel in Ireland, 435 00:34:48,036 --> 00:34:50,604 because when someone decided, in their wisdom 436 00:34:50,606 --> 00:34:51,972 to bring the grays here, 437 00:34:51,974 --> 00:34:55,909 the grays never actually managed to cross the Shannon. 438 00:34:55,911 --> 00:34:59,679 And so that's why the reds are still here. 439 00:34:59,681 --> 00:35:02,149 The poor little blighters, they just can't compete. 440 00:35:02,151 --> 00:35:03,283 It's not that the grays 441 00:35:03,285 --> 00:35:05,152 are physically fighting with them, 442 00:35:05,154 --> 00:35:07,387 it's just that they find the food quicker. 443 00:35:07,389 --> 00:35:08,955 They'll take food that's still 444 00:35:08,957 --> 00:35:11,358 sort of raw -- raw nuts and that sort of thing. 445 00:35:11,360 --> 00:35:13,527 And these little guys just can't compete. 446 00:35:13,529 --> 00:35:17,464 And so, they -- the females don't put on enough weight, 447 00:35:17,466 --> 00:35:19,566 and so they don't breed. 448 00:35:19,568 --> 00:35:22,969 Earlier I found some pine marten scat. 449 00:35:22,971 --> 00:35:28,175 There's some sort of evidence that maybe they are able to 450 00:35:28,177 --> 00:35:31,244 catch gray squirrels, easier than reds. 451 00:35:31,246 --> 00:35:32,546 Reds are a little more agile, 452 00:35:32,548 --> 00:35:34,748 they can get to the outer branches of the trees, 453 00:35:34,750 --> 00:35:36,883 maybe where the pine martens can't catch them. 454 00:35:36,885 --> 00:35:40,954 It may be that with the rise of the pine marten again, 455 00:35:40,956 --> 00:35:43,924 that grays are going to be disadvantaged 456 00:35:43,926 --> 00:35:46,560 and the reds might make a comeback. 457 00:35:46,562 --> 00:35:48,695 That would be great if that happened -- 458 00:35:48,697 --> 00:35:50,730 and it just might. 459 00:37:28,362 --> 00:37:31,598 For anyone who spends time on the water, 460 00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:33,300 they know that sound. 461 00:37:33,302 --> 00:37:37,203 That's just the sound of the Shannon in winter. 462 00:37:37,205 --> 00:37:40,707 Wonderful, haunting sort of call, 463 00:37:40,709 --> 00:37:44,444 the sounds of the whoopers arriving. 464 00:37:44,446 --> 00:37:47,113 The end of the autumn and beginning of winter 465 00:37:47,115 --> 00:37:49,816 is when they tend to arrive, and they've been chased 466 00:37:49,818 --> 00:37:51,851 from their northern breeding grounds 467 00:37:51,853 --> 00:37:53,653 by the cold weather up there -- 468 00:37:53,655 --> 00:37:55,255 they fly south to avoid it. 469 00:37:55,257 --> 00:37:58,425 They come to the Shannon because there's a great big larder here 470 00:37:58,427 --> 00:38:00,560 to keep them going for the winter months. 471 00:38:04,165 --> 00:38:06,232 You really have to watch swans taking off 472 00:38:06,234 --> 00:38:08,234 to see that flight doesn't really come 473 00:38:08,236 --> 00:38:09,736 all that naturally to them. 474 00:38:09,738 --> 00:38:12,372 They really have to push those bodies up into the air. 475 00:38:14,709 --> 00:38:16,743 You'd think that they'd be a bird 476 00:38:16,745 --> 00:38:18,979 that maybe couldn't fly all that far, 477 00:38:18,981 --> 00:38:22,248 but they can fly all the way from Iceland to here, nonstop. 478 00:38:33,027 --> 00:38:35,795 [Honking] 479 00:38:35,797 --> 00:38:38,732 Once you make a decision to undertake that flight, 480 00:38:38,734 --> 00:38:40,734 there's sort of no turning back, 481 00:38:40,736 --> 00:38:43,136 because you've nothing to turn back to, 482 00:38:43,138 --> 00:38:45,405 so, no matter what obstacle they hit, 483 00:38:45,407 --> 00:38:48,408 or what weather they hit, they just have to keep going. 484 00:38:48,410 --> 00:38:50,443 [Honking] 485 00:39:10,531 --> 00:39:13,600 They must be very, very pleased when they see 486 00:39:13,602 --> 00:39:16,636 the ribbon of the Shannon River from the air. 487 00:39:21,842 --> 00:39:24,110 Maybe they're calling because they're just happy to be here. 488 00:40:10,991 --> 00:40:15,728 They must use up a huge amount of energy on that flight. 489 00:40:15,730 --> 00:40:18,164 But when they get here, they're as graceful 490 00:40:18,166 --> 00:40:19,532 as when they took off -- 491 00:40:19,534 --> 00:40:22,469 you'd swear that they'd just come from down the road. 492 00:40:22,471 --> 00:40:26,873 They're just looking absolutely perfect and pristine. 493 00:40:28,843 --> 00:40:32,112 Some journey to undertake. 494 00:40:32,114 --> 00:40:33,847 But one thing's for sure, 495 00:40:33,849 --> 00:40:36,950 when they arrive here there's loads of food. 496 00:40:36,952 --> 00:40:40,386 They're vegetarians, they come here to feed on the grass, 497 00:40:40,388 --> 00:40:41,955 is what they like to eat, 498 00:40:41,957 --> 00:40:44,691 and there's no shortage of grass in Ireland. 499 00:41:29,770 --> 00:41:34,340 We tend to spend so much of our lives indoors now, and in cars, 500 00:41:34,342 --> 00:41:38,044 we may be losing touch with those sort of seasonal markers 501 00:41:38,046 --> 00:41:41,848 which give you a sense of a time of year and where you are. 502 00:41:44,652 --> 00:41:47,720 Our houses are probably as warm in winter now 503 00:41:47,722 --> 00:41:49,255 as they are in summer, 504 00:41:49,257 --> 00:41:51,758 and we eat any kind of food we want 505 00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:53,193 at any time of year, 506 00:41:53,195 --> 00:41:56,629 so those sort of traditional markers of the seasons 507 00:41:56,631 --> 00:41:58,531 are sort of disappearing. 508 00:41:58,533 --> 00:42:00,900 And in the natural world, of course, 509 00:42:00,902 --> 00:42:02,735 they're very much still there, 510 00:42:02,737 --> 00:42:05,071 they're still driven by the climate, 511 00:42:05,073 --> 00:42:06,239 angle of the sun, 512 00:42:06,241 --> 00:42:08,541 day length -- all those things, 513 00:42:08,543 --> 00:42:10,176 that wonderful sense of 514 00:42:10,178 --> 00:42:12,412 a year -- something cyclical. 515 00:42:37,304 --> 00:42:42,275 [Thunder rolling] 516 00:43:19,380 --> 00:43:23,149 This is a rare cold snap and it won't last long. 517 00:43:23,151 --> 00:43:25,918 As soon as the temperatures rise, 518 00:43:25,920 --> 00:43:28,521 things will start moving again. 519 00:44:03,223 --> 00:44:05,325 That's a great sound... 520 00:44:05,327 --> 00:44:07,593 Guess, to lots of people, 521 00:44:07,595 --> 00:44:10,797 birdsong is the first sign of spring, 522 00:44:10,799 --> 00:44:14,434 but for me it's the croaking of the frog -- 523 00:44:14,436 --> 00:44:18,338 breeding season has begun. 524 00:44:18,340 --> 00:44:20,573 Male frogs, lots of them, 525 00:44:20,575 --> 00:44:23,576 calling to lure in the females. 526 00:44:23,578 --> 00:44:27,647 [Frogs croaking] 527 00:44:29,650 --> 00:44:32,952 Males await the arrival of the next female. 528 00:44:32,954 --> 00:44:35,154 This is an annual opportunity, 529 00:44:35,156 --> 00:44:38,091 and they want to make the most of it. 530 00:44:38,093 --> 00:44:41,027 Some of these little males have spent the winter 531 00:44:41,029 --> 00:44:43,796 at the bottom of the pond, hibernating there. 532 00:44:43,798 --> 00:44:46,032 It means that they're in position, 533 00:44:46,034 --> 00:44:47,967 they're in the breeding pond, 534 00:44:47,969 --> 00:44:50,403 when the females arrive at springtime. 535 00:44:50,405 --> 00:44:54,707 Females can be scattered out over this entire area. 536 00:44:54,709 --> 00:44:56,943 Something wakes them up -- 537 00:44:56,945 --> 00:44:58,778 the same sort of cues, I guess, 538 00:44:58,780 --> 00:45:00,847 that wake up the males, wake up the females. 539 00:45:00,849 --> 00:45:03,649 They've been wintering under stone walls 540 00:45:03,651 --> 00:45:06,352 or under bits of boulders or under logs. 541 00:45:06,354 --> 00:45:07,920 And some of these females 542 00:45:07,922 --> 00:45:11,023 have to make this arduous journey across the land, 543 00:45:11,025 --> 00:45:13,593 laden with eggs. 544 00:45:14,628 --> 00:45:16,429 Some sort of instinct 545 00:45:16,431 --> 00:45:19,298 drives them back towards these breeding ponds. 546 00:45:19,300 --> 00:45:22,602 And then it's the calls of the male that lure them in. 547 00:45:22,604 --> 00:45:25,872 [Croaking] 548 00:46:18,759 --> 00:46:22,462 The poor females, you got to feel sorry for them, 549 00:46:22,464 --> 00:46:24,363 because all these males 550 00:46:24,365 --> 00:46:28,367 have only one thing on their mind right now. 551 00:46:30,404 --> 00:46:33,372 She's on the edge of the pond, thinking, "Oh, will I, won't I?" 552 00:46:33,374 --> 00:46:37,410 And when she makes that final jump in, 553 00:46:37,412 --> 00:46:40,580 all hell breaks loose. 554 00:47:03,570 --> 00:47:05,638 Now, these little males, what they're trying to do is, 555 00:47:05,640 --> 00:47:07,807 they're trying to grab the female. 556 00:47:07,809 --> 00:47:09,842 They have special pads on their little hands, 557 00:47:09,844 --> 00:47:11,210 and what they're trying to do is 558 00:47:11,212 --> 00:47:14,247 get into the right position. 559 00:47:14,249 --> 00:47:16,449 They will wrestle each other, 560 00:47:16,451 --> 00:47:18,484 and she is stuck in the middle. 561 00:47:29,696 --> 00:47:31,864 Once they're really tight on there 562 00:47:31,866 --> 00:47:33,432 and in the right position, 563 00:47:33,434 --> 00:47:36,335 they will hang on for dear life. 564 00:47:36,337 --> 00:47:41,007 And for the next few days they will not leave her. 565 00:47:41,009 --> 00:47:44,977 Life for a female frog is not very easy. 566 00:47:47,180 --> 00:47:49,916 The other males sort of know and they give up. 567 00:47:49,918 --> 00:47:52,952 Right, she's taken. 568 00:47:52,954 --> 00:47:55,521 And then they wait for the next one to arrive. 569 00:47:55,523 --> 00:47:57,223 [Croaking] 570 00:47:57,225 --> 00:47:58,991 Love frogs. 571 00:48:35,796 --> 00:48:37,697 Every evening... 572 00:48:37,699 --> 00:48:40,533 every evening this happens. 573 00:48:45,472 --> 00:48:47,840 Small flocks of little starlings 574 00:48:47,842 --> 00:48:50,676 come together to form bigger flocks. 575 00:49:01,355 --> 00:49:03,456 Just remarkable how so many birds 576 00:49:03,458 --> 00:49:06,158 come from the entire surrounding countryside. 577 00:49:06,160 --> 00:49:08,628 They all make their way 578 00:49:08,630 --> 00:49:11,631 back to this one little spot. 579 00:49:18,372 --> 00:49:20,439 And those flocks start to wheel 580 00:49:20,441 --> 00:49:24,343 just a few minutes before they actually hit the reed beds. 581 00:49:24,345 --> 00:49:27,780 There's just those extraordinary abstract patterns, 582 00:49:27,782 --> 00:49:30,082 from a distance they could be Ireland, 583 00:49:30,084 --> 00:49:31,384 or a swarm of locusts, 584 00:49:31,386 --> 00:49:32,752 or a swarm of bees -- 585 00:49:32,754 --> 00:49:35,287 it's very hard to get a sense of scale. 586 00:50:09,656 --> 00:50:14,527 Many ways, this is the greatest natural spectacle in Ireland. 587 00:50:14,529 --> 00:50:17,563 It's just some sight. 588 00:50:17,565 --> 00:50:23,002 And the sounds -- the sounds of myriads of beating wings. 589 00:50:23,004 --> 00:50:27,039 [Thrumming of wings] 590 00:50:50,731 --> 00:50:55,334 Amazing sight -- just amazing. 591 00:51:20,360 --> 00:51:22,762 My journey is coming to an end now, 592 00:51:22,764 --> 00:51:25,397 and I've learned so much along the way. 593 00:51:25,399 --> 00:51:28,400 I've experienced this river in every season, 594 00:51:28,402 --> 00:51:30,636 I've gotten to know its moods, 595 00:51:30,638 --> 00:51:32,571 gotten to know its creatures. 596 00:51:32,573 --> 00:51:36,275 Somehow, it's sort of gotten into me 597 00:51:36,277 --> 00:51:40,146 and feels like it's a part of me know. 598 00:51:40,148 --> 00:51:42,915 It's no longer a river... 599 00:51:42,917 --> 00:51:45,818 Kind of my river. 600 00:51:49,790 --> 00:51:51,690 But it's our river. 601 00:51:51,692 --> 00:51:56,095 Its future health and wellbeing is up to us. 602 00:52:40,740 --> 00:52:44,944 To learn more about what you've seen on this "Nature" program,